Dataset Information

Anthropogenic Decline of African Dust: Insights From the Holocene Records and Beyond.

ABSTRACT: African dust exhibits strong variability on a range of time scales. Here we show that the interhemispheric contrast in Atlantic SST (ICAS) drives African dust variability at decadal to millennial timescales, and the strong anthropogenic increase of the ICAS in the future will decrease African dust loading to a level never seen during the Holocene. We provide a physical framework to understand the relationship between the ICAS and African dust activity: positive ICAS anomalies push the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) northward and decrease surface wind speed over African dust source regions, which reduces dust emission and transport. It provides a unified framework for and is consistent with relationships in the literature. We find strong observational and proxy-record support for the ICAS-ITCZ-dust relationship during the past 160 and 17,000 years. Model-projected anthropogenic increase of the ICAS will reduce African dust by as much as 60%, which has broad consequences.

SUBMITTER: Yuan T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7685148 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Anthropogenic Decline of African Dust: Insights From the Holocene Records and Beyond.

Yuan Tianle T Yu Hongbin H Chin Mian M Remer Lorraine A LA McGee David D Evan Amato A

Geophysical research letters 20201113 22

African dust exhibits strong variability on a range of time scales. Here we show that the interhemispheric contrast in Atlantic SST (ICAS) drives African dust variability at decadal to millennial timescales, and the strong anthropogenic increase of the ICAS in the future will decrease African dust loading to a level never seen during the Holocene. We provide a physical framework to understand the relationship between the ICAS and African dust activity: positive ICAS anomalies push the Intertropi ...[more]

PMID: 33281243

Similar Datasets

Project description:The mammalian oocyte has the unique feature of supporting fertilization and normal development while being able of reprogramming the nuclei of somatic cells towards pluripotency and occasionally even totipotency. Whilst oocyte quality is known to decay with somatic aging it is not a given that different biological functions decay concurrently. In this study we tested whether oocyte reprogramming ability decreases with somatic aging. We show that oocytes isolated from mice aged beyond the usual reproductive age (climacteric) yield ooplasts that retain reprogramming capacity after somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT) at levels similar to ooplasts of young donors. Despite differences in transcriptome between ooplasts of old and young mice gene expression profiles of the resultant SCNT blastocysts were very similar. Furthermore albeit results showing global down-regulation of apoptosis-related genes in climacteric ooplasts and the reported beneficial effect of inhibiting p53 on transcription factor-induced (iPS) pluripotency reprogramming capacity of young ooplasts was not affected by specifically blocking p53. Our observations strongly suggest that the outcome of oocyte-induced reprogramming is determined by the availability of intrinsic reprogramming factors tightly regulated throughout aging as well as intracellular and environmental checkpoints during pre-implantation development towards selection of the successfully reprogrammed embryos. While oocytes are not regenerated but rather last for life we further propose that these cells can still be a resource for somatic reprogramming when they cease to be considered safe for sexual reproduction. Total mRNA was isolated for samples from young and climacteric mice (pools of 20 ooplasts and 20 SCNT blastocysts in duplicate) using a RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen Valencia CA USA) as described by the manufacturer (no DNase treatment). RNA concentrations as well as purity and integrity check were determined with Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 and RNA Pico 6000 Lab-Chip Kit (Agilent Technologies Palo Alto CA USA). RiboAmp HS Plus Amplification Kit (MDS Analytical Technologies Ismaning Germany) was used to amplify the total mRNA with two rounds of amplification according to the manufacturerâ??s instructions. Amplified RNA was eluted with 15 ÂµL RE Buffer included in the RiboAmp HS Plus Amplification Kit. RNA concentrations were determined with Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 and RNA Pico 6000 Lab-Chip Kit. Turbo Labeling CY3 Kit (MDS Analytical Technologies) was used to label 3 Âµg of amplified RNA with Cy3. Concentration and frequency of incorporation were measured with NanoPhotometer (Implen). Microarray wash and detection of the labeled RNA on GeneChips were carried out according to the manufacturerâ??s instructions (Agilent Technologies). Gene expression profiling was performed using Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarrays (4 x 44k each array containing 41174 features). Array image acquisition and feature extraction was performed using Agilent G2505B Microarray Scanner and Feature Extraction software v.9.5 (Agilent Technologies). 6 samples were analyzed. YoungOoplasts: young ooplasts 1 biological rep ClimactericOoplasts: climacteric ooplasts 1 biological rep YoungBlastocysts: young blastocysts 2 biological rep ClimactericBlastocysts: climacteric blastocysts 2 biological rep

Dataset Information

Anthropogenic Decline of African Dust: Insights From the Holocene Records and Beyond.

Publications

Anthropogenic Decline of African Dust: Insights From the Holocene Records and Beyond.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets