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Alcohol consumption increases non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV enrolled to the community-based care model in rural northern Uganda.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). Community-based ART delivery model offers a decentralized and patient-centered approach to care for PLHIV, with the advantage of improved adherence to ART hence good treatment outcomes. However, data are limited on the magnitude of non-adherence to ART among PLHIV enrolled to the community-based ART model of care. In this study, we determined the frequency of non-adherence to ART and the associated factors among PLHIV enrolled to the community-based ART delivery model in a large health facility in rural northern Uganda. METHODS:This analytic cross-sectional study randomly sampled participants from 21 community drug distribution points at the AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Gulu district, northern Uganda. Data were collected using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire, entered in Epi-Data and analyzed in Stata at univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses levels. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with non-adherence to ART, reported using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence level (CI). The level of statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS:Of 381 participants, 25 (6.6%) were non-adherent to ART and this was significantly associated with alcohol consumption (Adjusted (aOR), 3.24; 95% CI, 1.24-8.34). Other factors namely being single/or never married (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 0.62-6.25), monthly income exceeding 27 dollars (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.52-3.55), being on ART for more than 5 years (aOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.23-1.59), receipt of health education on ART side effects (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.12-1.05), and disclosure of HIV status (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.04-3.20) were not associated with non-adherence in this setting. CONCLUSION:Non-adherence to ART was low among PLHIV enrolled to community-based ART delivery model but increases with alcohol consumption. Accordingly, psychosocial support programs should focus on alcohol consumption.

SUBMITTER: Adrawa N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7685449 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alcohol consumption increases non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV enrolled to the community-based care model in rural northern Uganda.

Adrawa Norbert N Alege John Bosco JB Izudi Jonathan J

PloS one 20201124 11

<h4>Background</h4>Non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). Community-based ART delivery model offers a decentralized and patient-centered approach to care for PLHIV, with the advantage of improved adherence to ART hence good treatment outcomes. However, data are limited on the magnitude of non-adherence to ART among PLHIV enrolled to the community-based ART model of care. ...[more]

PMID: 33232369

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Project description:IntroductionAchieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) is challenging, especially in low-resource settings. To help accurately determine who is at risk of poor adherence, we developed and internally validated models comprising multi-level factors that can help to predict the individualized risk of poor adherence among ALWHIV in a resource-limited setting such as Uganda.MethodsWe used data from a sample of 637 ALWHIV in Uganda who participated in a longitudinal study, "Suubi+Adherence" (2012 to 2018). The model was developed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression to select the best subset of multi-level predictors (individual, household, community or economic-related factors) of poor adherence in one year's time using 10-fold cross-validation. Seventeen potential predictors included in the model were assessed at 36 months of follow-up, whereas adherence was assessed at 48 months of follow-up. Model performance was evaluated using discrimination and calibration measures.ResultsFor the model predicting poor adherence, five of the 17 predictors (adherence history, adherence self-efficacy, family cohesion, child poverty and group assignment) were retained. Its ability to discriminate between individuals with and without poor adherence was acceptable; area under the curve (AUC) = 69.9; 95% CI: 62.7, 72.8. There was no evidence of possible areas of miscalibration (test statistic = 1.20; p = 0.273). The overall performance of the model was good.ConclusionsOur findings support prediction modelling as a useful tool that can be leveraged to improve outcomes across the HIV care continuum. Utilizing information from multiple sources, the risk prediction score tool applied here can be refined further with the ultimate goal of being used in a screening tool by practitioners working with ALWHIV. Specifically, the tool could help identify and provide early interventions to adolescents at the highest risk of poor adherence and/or viral non-suppression. However, further fine-tuning and external validation may be required before wide-scale implementation.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Studies from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) document how barriers to ART adherence present additional complications among adolescents and young adults living with HIV. We qualitatively explored barriers to ART adherence in Uganda among individuals age 14-24 to understand the unique challenges faced by this age group. METHODS:We conducted focus group (FG) discussions with Community Advisory Board members (n = 1), health care providers (n = 2), and male and female groups of adolescents age 14-17 (n = 2) and youth age 18-24 (n = 2) in Kampala, Uganda. FGs were transcribed verbatim and translated from Luganda into English. Two investigators independently reviewed all transcripts, developed a detailed codebook, achieved a pooled Cohen's Kappa of 0.79 and 0.80, and used a directed content analysis to identify key themes. RESULTS:Four barriers to ART adherence emerged: 1) poverty limited adolescents' ability to buy food and undercut efforts to become economically independent in their transition from adolescence to adulthood; 2) school attendance limited their privacy, further disrupting ART adherence; 3) family support was unreliable, and youth often struggled with a constant change in guardianship because they had lost their biological parents to HIV. In contrast peer influence, especially among HIV-positive youth, was strong and created an important network to support ART adherence; 4) the burden of taking multiple medications daily frustrated youth, often leading to so-called 'drug holidays.' Adolescent and youth-specific issues around disclosure emerged across three of the four barriers. CONCLUSIONS:To be effective, programs and policies to improve ART adherence among youth in Uganda must address the special challenges that adolescents and young adults confront in achieving optimal adherence. For example, training on budgeting and savings practices could help promote their transition to financial independence. School staff could develop strategies to help students take their medications consistently and confidentially. While challenging to extend the range of services provided by HIV clinics, successful efforts will require engaging the family, peers, and larger community of health and educational providers to support adolescents and young adults living with HIV to live longer and healthier lives. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02514356 . Registered August 3, 2015.

Dataset Information

Alcohol consumption increases non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV enrolled to the community-based care model in rural northern Uganda.

Publications

Alcohol consumption increases non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV enrolled to the community-based care model in rural northern Uganda.

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