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Exploring the dynamics of migration, armed conflict, urbanization, and anthropogenic change in Colombia.

ABSTRACT: Anthropogenic change has been associated with population growth, land use change, and changing economies. However, internal migration patterns and armed conflicts are also key drivers of anthropogenic and demographic processes. To better understand the processes associated with this change, we explore the spatial relationship between forced migration due to armed conflict and changing socioeconomic factors in Colombia, a country which has a recent history of 7 million internal migrants. In addition, we use remote sensing, Google Earth Engine, as well as spatial statistical analyses of demographic data in order to measure anthropogenic change between 1984 and 2013-a socio-politically important period in Colombia's armed conflict. We also analyze spatiotemporal relationships between socioeconomic and anthropogenic changes, which are caused by forced migration. We found that forced migration is significantly and positively related to an increasing rural-urban type of migration which results from armed conflict. Results also show that it is negatively related to interregional displacement. Indeed, anthropogenic change pertaining to different regions have had different correlations with forced migration, and across different time periods. Findings are used to discuss how socioeconomic and political phenomena such as armed conflict can have complex effects on the dynamics of anthropogenic and ecological change as well as movement of humans in countries like Colombia.

SUBMITTER: Camargo G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7685458 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exploring the dynamics of migration, armed conflict, urbanization, and anthropogenic change in Colombia.

Camargo Guibor G Sampayo Andrés Miguel AM Peña Galindo Andrés A Escobedo Francisco J FJ Carriazo Fernando F Feged-Rivadeneira Alejandro A

PloS one 20201124 11

Anthropogenic change has been associated with population growth, land use change, and changing economies. However, internal migration patterns and armed conflicts are also key drivers of anthropogenic and demographic processes. To better understand the processes associated with this change, we explore the spatial relationship between forced migration due to armed conflict and changing socioeconomic factors in Colombia, a country which has a recent history of 7 million internal migrants. In addit ...[more]

PMID: 33232342

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Project description:Background:South Sudan has endured decades of armed conflict, with the most recent in 2016. This has left the health system and infrastructure overstretched by a myriad of infectious diseases like tuberculosis. Our study aimed at quantitatively and qualitatively documenting TB dynamics and challenges with access to health care during a period of civil unrest in Wau. Materials & Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out between January and February 2016 at Wau Teaching Hospital (WTH). Sputum was randomly collected from 207 of the 1035?TB suspects and analyzed using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Fluorescent Microscopy (FM), Culture, Capilia MTBC Neo, and DST. The laboratory results and questionnaire metadata were used for descriptive statistics, logistic regression in R version 3.4.2. These results were presented along with results from a qualitative assessment of the situation at WTH. Results:Of 207?TB suspects, 39 (18.8%) were positive on FM with bacilli growth on culture, later confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Only 5.4% of the cases were resistant to Isoniazid. Age; 20-45 OR?=?13 (95%CI?=?2.4-25.6, p?=?0.011),?>?46 OR?=?3 (95%CI?=?0.5-58, p?=?0.005) and raw milk consumption OR?=?2.2 (95%CI?=?0.37-42.48, p?=?0.005) were associated with being TB positive. The qualitative evaluation reveals that gunfights in the surroundings of Wau influenced the number of patients attending WTH, with some travelling up to 545?km to seek medical attention. Conclusion:We report a high prevalence of tuberculosis among patients who presented at WTH, with approximately 1 out of 5 individuals testing positive for tuberculosis. This is likely an underestimation given the challenges patients had to endure as they sought medical attention. Tuberculosis epidemiology is likely to be driven by individual and household factors, but further investigations are needed to fully understand the risk profile. The tools in use were adequate for TB diagnostics and we observed a remarkably low prevalence of drug resistance, a statistic that is worth preserving. We therefore call for action from all stakeholders.

Dataset Information

Exploring the dynamics of migration, armed conflict, urbanization, and anthropogenic change in Colombia.

Publications

Exploring the dynamics of migration, armed conflict, urbanization, and anthropogenic change in Colombia.

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