Dataset Information

Drivers for the poor air quality conditions in North China Plain during the COVID-19 outbreak.

ABSTRACT: China's lockdown to control COVID-19 brought significant declines in air pollutant emissions, but haze was still a serious problem in North China Plain (NCP) during late-January to mid-February of 2020. We seek the potential causes for the poor air quality in NCP combining satellite data, ground measurements and model analyses. Efforts to constrain COVID-19 result in a drop-off of primary gaseous pollutants, e.g., -42.4% for surface nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and -38.9% for tropospheric NO₂ column, but fine particulate matter (PM₂₅) still remains high and ozone (O₃) even increases sharply (+84.1%). Stagnant weather during COVID-19 outbreak, e.g., persistent low wind speed, frequent temperature inversion and wind convergence, is one of the major drivers for the poor air quality in NCP. The surface PM_2.5 levels vary between -12.9~+15.1% in NCP driven by the varying climate conditions between the years 2000 and 2020. Besides, the persistent PM_2.5 pollution might be maintained by the still intensive industrial and residential emissions (primary PM_2.5), and increased atmospheric oxidants (+26.1% for ozone and +29.4% for hydroxyl radical) in response to the NO₂ decline (secondary PM_2.5). Further understanding the nonlinear response between atmospheric secondary aerosols and NO_x emissions is meaningful to cope with the emerging air pollution problems in China.

SUBMITTER: Li M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7686771 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Drivers for the poor air quality conditions in North China Plain during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Li Mengmeng M Wang Tijian T Xie Min M Li Shu S Zhuang Bingliang B Fu Qingyan Q Zhao Ming M Wu Hao H Liu Jane J Saikawa Eri E Liao Kuo K

Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) 20201125

China's lockdown to control COVID-19 brought significant declines in air pollutant emissions, but haze was still a serious problem in North China Plain (NCP) during late-January to mid-February of 2020. We seek the potential causes for the poor air quality in NCP combining satellite data, ground measurements and model analyses. Efforts to constrain COVID-19 result in a drop-off of primary gaseous pollutants, e.g., -42.4% for surface nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and -38.9% for tropospheric N ...[more]

PMID: 33250658

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Project description:Background: Responses to hypoxia have been investigated in many species; however, comparative study between conspecific geographical populations in different altitude regions is rare, especially for invertebrates . The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is widely distributed both on high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP) and on low-altitude North China Plain (NP). TP locusts have inhabited Tibetan Plateau since Quaternary glaciations events and thus probably have evolved superior capacity to deal with hypoxia. Results: Here we compared the hypoxic responses of TP and NP locusts from morphological, behavioral and physiological perspectives. We found that TP locusts were more tolerant of extreme hypoxia than NP locusts, with a lower proportion exhibiting stupor, a faster recovery time, and higher respiration rates. We compared the transcriptional profiles of field TP and NP locusts and found that their differences were possibly attributed to a combination of multiple factors, e.g. oxygen, UV radiation, temperature and nutrition. To evaluate why TP locusts respond to extreme hypoxia differently from NP locusts, we subjected them to extreme hypoxia and compared their transcriptional responses. We found that the aerobic metabolism was more active in TP locusts than in NP locusts. RNAi disruption of PDHE1b, an entry gene from glycolysis to TCA cycle, increased the ratio of stupor in Tibetan locusts and decreased the ATP content of Tibetan locusts in hypoxia, confirming the significant importance of this metabolic branch for TP locusts to conquer hypoxia. Conclusions: Here we show that TP locusts are better tolerant of hypoxia than NP locusts and the better capacity to modulate primary metabolism in TP locusts contributes to their superior tolerance of hypoxia compared to NP locusts. FIELD POPULATION: TP locusts vs. NP locusts;direct comparison on 6 separate microarrays; each microarray compares one biological replicate; each biological replicate contains 10 individuals. LAB POPULATION: hypoxia-treated TP locusts vs TP locusts in normoxia; hypoxia-treated NP locusts vs NP locusts in normoxia; direct comparison on 6 separate microarrays; each microarray compares one biological replicate; each biological replicate contains 10 individuals.

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Dataset Information

Drivers for the poor air quality conditions in North China Plain during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Publications

Drivers for the poor air quality conditions in North China Plain during the COVID-19 outbreak.

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