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Mitochondrial genome of the Podosphaera xanthii: a plant pathogen causes powdery mildew in cucurbits.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the Podosphaera xanthii, which is the powdery mildew diseases causative pathogen for cucurbits. The total size of the mitochondrial genome is 26,052 bp, which includes 15 coding genes, 25 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) used for the phylogenetic construction, which grouped this species into Hypocreomycetidae taxonomy family, which could aid the researchers to place the fungal in an appropriate taxonomy clade.

SUBMITTER: Kim S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7687534 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mitochondrial genome of the Podosphaera xanthii: a plant pathogen causes powdery mildew in cucurbits.

Kim Seunghwan S Jung Myunghee M Oh Eun A EA Ho Kim Tae T Kim Jeong-Gu JG

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20191120 2

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the Podosphaera xanthii, which is the powdery mildew diseases causative pathogen for cucurbits. The total size of the mitochondrial genome is 26,052 bp, which includes 15 coding genes, 25 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) used for the phylogenetic construction, which grouped this species into Hypocreomycetidae taxonomy family, which could aid the researchers to place the fungal in an ...[more]

PMID: 33366368

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Podosphaera xanthii is the main causal agent of powdery mildew disease in cucurbits and is responsible for important yield losses in these crops worldwide. Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophs. In these parasites, biotrophy is determined by the presence of haustoria, which are specialized structures of parasitism developed by these fungi for the acquisition of nutrients and the delivery of effectors. Detailed molecular studies of powdery mildew haustoria are scarce due mainly to difficulties in their isolation. Therefore, their analysis is considered an important challenge for powdery mildew research. The aim of this work was to gain insights into powdery mildew biology by analysing the haustorial transcriptome of P. xanthii. RESULTS:Prior to RNA isolation and massive-scale mRNA sequencing, a flow cytometric approach was developed to isolate P. xanthii haustoria free of visible contaminants. Next, several commercial kits were used to isolate total RNA and to construct the cDNA and Illumina libraries that were finally sequenced by the Illumina NextSeq system. Using this approach, the maximum amount of information from low-quality RNA that could be obtained was used to accomplish the de novo assembly of the P. xanthii haustorial transcriptome. The subsequent analysis of this transcriptome and comparison with the epiphytic transcriptome allowed us to identify the importance of several biological processes for haustorial cells such as protection against reactive oxygen species, the acquisition of different nutrients and genetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs. In addition, we could also identify several secreted proteins expressed exclusively in haustoria such as cell adhesion proteins that have not been related to powdery mildew biology to date. CONCLUSIONS:This work provides a novel approach to study the molecular aspects of powdery mildew haustoria. In addition, the results of this study have also allowed us to identify certain previously unknown processes and proteins involved in the biology of powdery mildews that could be essential for their biotrophy and pathogenesis.

Project description:Watermelon is an important vegetable crop and is widely cultivated in USA with an approximate global production of?>?100 million tons. Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major production-limiting factor on watermelon and other cucurbits. Numerous PM and multiple disease resistant (MDR) watermelon germplasm lines have been developed by the USDA in Charleston, SC. To gain a better understanding of the innate and activated molecular defense mechanisms involved during compatible and incompatible PM-watermelon interactions, we inoculated PM susceptible (USVL677-PMS) and resistant (USVL531-MDR) watermelon plants with 105 conidia ml-1 of P. xanthii. RNA-seq profiling was done on leaf samples collected at 0, 1, 3, and 8 days post inoculation (DPI). A total of 2,566 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between compatible and incompatible interactions with P. xanthii. The compatible interactions resulted in distinct plant gene activation (>?twofold unique transcripts, 335:191:1762 :: 1:3:8 DPI) as compared to incompatible interaction (>?twofold unique transcripts, 314:681:487 :: 1:3:8 DPI). Further, comparative whole-genome resequencing analysis of USVL531-PMR, USVL677-PMS and four introgressed PM resistant recombinant inbred lines (RIL, USVL531-PMR × USVL677-PMS) were performed to identify the region of PM resistance introgressed break points along with other traits inherent by USVL531-PMR by comparing the SNPs and InDels. Based on SNPs identification and CAPS markers, the resistance gene was identified as ClaPMR2, Citrullus lanatus PM Resistance gene 2 {Chr2 : 26750001 .. 26753327 (-)}, a NBS-LRR resistance protein (R) with homology to the Arabidopsis thaliana PM resistance protein, RPW8. The transcriptome data also revealed a complex regulatory network associated with the introgressed junctions mediated by PM resistance R proteins (R genes) that may involve multiple signal regulators and transducers, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall modifications and the hormone-signaling pathway.

Project description:Powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases and the major cause to the production losses of cucurbit worldwide. A number of strategies have been developed and applied to discover suitable and safer methods to manage the occurrence of powdery mildew disease in pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.), but information is limited in screening tolerant germplasms and exploring their mechanisms in preventing the disease occurrence at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Therefore, we investigated the responses of two commercial pumpkin cultivars to Podosphaera xanthii infection. Compared with mock-inoculated seedlings, few small and sparse powdery areas were observed on the leaves of the Sixing F1 cultivar on the 13th day after inoculation with P. xanthii, whereas a large number of diseased powdery areas and a layer of white powdery mildew were observed on the surface of Jin12 F1 leaves. The inoculation duration (7, 9, 11, and 13 days) significantly and continuously increased the disease incidence and index of pumpkin seedlings. The contents of H2O2, MDA, lignin, and total phenolics in the leaves of Sixing F1 and Jin12 F1 cultivars were markedly increased after inoculation with P. xanthii. However, the Sixing F1 cultivar exhibited much less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation, and a higher level of lignin and total phenolics contents after inoculation than the Jin12 F1 cultivar. Compared with untreated control pumpkin seedlings, significantly higher activities and gene expressions of the phenylpropanoids pathway enzymes (PAL and PPO), ROS scavenging defense enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), and other salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway marker genes were observed in the leaves of both cultivars after P. xanthii inoculation at different inoculation time points. These enhancements were significantly higher in Sixing F1 than Jin12 F1. Our results indicate that the Sixing F1 cultivar exhibited a much stronger ability in resistance to P. xanthii infection than the Jin12 F1 cultivar. Our results suggest that one possible mechanism of C. pepo cultivars to prevent the pathogen P. xanthii infection is by activating and enhancing the activity and gene expression of the phenylpropanoids pathway to synthesize phenolic substances and lignin, ROS scavenging defense enzymes to eliminate the harmful effects of ROS, and signaling pathway marker gene expression to improve plant disease resistance.

Dataset Information

Mitochondrial genome of the Podosphaera xanthii: a plant pathogen causes powdery mildew in cucurbits.

Publications

Mitochondrial genome of the <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i>: a plant pathogen causes powdery mildew in cucurbits.

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