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Sulfated vizantin causes detachment of biofilms composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus without affecting bacterial growth and viability.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Sulfated vizantin, a recently developed immunostimulant, has also been found to exert antibiofilm properties. It acts not as a bactericide, but as a detachment-promoting agent by reducing the biofilm structural stability. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying this activity and its species specificity using two distinct ex vivo oral biofilm models derived from human saliva. RESULTS:The biofilm, composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus and containing 50??M of sulfated vizantin, detached significantly from its basal surface with rotation at 500?rpm for only 15?s, even when 0.2% sucrose was supplied. Expression analyses for genes associated with biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion following identification of the Streptococcus species, revealed that a variety of Streptococcus species in a cariogenic biofilm showed downregulation of genes encoding glucosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of water-soluble glucan. The expression of some genes encoding surface proteins was also downregulated. Of the two quorum sensing systems involved in the genus Streptococcus, the expression of luxS in three species, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus mutans, was significantly downregulated in the presence of 50??M sulfated vizantin. Biofilm detachment may be facilitated by the reduced structural stability due to these modulations. As a non-specific reaction, 50??M sulfated vizantin decreased cell surface hydrophobicity by binding to the cell surface, resulting in reduced bacterial adherence. CONCLUSION:Sulfated vizantin may be a candidate for a new antibiofilm strategy targeting the biofilm matrix while preserving the resident microflora.

SUBMITTER: Hasegawa T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7687742 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sulfated vizantin causes detachment of biofilms composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus without affecting bacterial growth and viability.

Hasegawa Taisuke T Takenaka Shoji S Oda Masataka M Domon Hisanori H Hiyoshi Takumi T Sasagawa Karin K Ohsumi Tatsuya T Hayashi Naoki N Okamoto Yasuko Y Yamamoto Hirofumi H Ohshima Hayato H Terao Yutaka Y Noiri Yuichiro Y

BMC microbiology 20201125 1

<h4>Background</h4>Sulfated vizantin, a recently developed immunostimulant, has also been found to exert antibiofilm properties. It acts not as a bactericide, but as a detachment-promoting agent by reducing the biofilm structural stability. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying this activity and its species specificity using two distinct ex vivo oral biofilm models derived from human saliva.<h4>Results</h4>The biofilm, composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus and containing ...[more]

PMID: 33238885

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Project description:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of astrocytoma accounting for a majority of primary malignant brain tumors in the United States. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains are key constituents of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) implicated in promoting tumor invasion. However, the mechanisms by which sulfated CS-GAGs promote brain tumor invasion are currently unknown. We hypothesize that glioma cell invasion is triggered by the altered sulfation of CS-GAGs in the tumor extracellular environment, and that this is potentially mediated by independent mechanisms involving CXCL12/CXCR4 and LAR signaling respectively. This was tested in vitro by encapsulating the human glioma cell line U87MG-EGFP into monosulfated (4-sulfated; CS-A), composite (4 and 4,6-sulfated; CS-A/E), unsulfated hyaluronic acid (HA), and unsulfated agarose (AG; polysaccharide) hydrogels within microfluidics-based choice assays. Our results demonstrated the enhanced preferential cell invasion into composite hydrogels, when compared to other hydrogel matrices (p<0.05). Haptotaxis assays demonstrated the significantly (p<0.05) faster migration of U87MG-EGFP cells in CXCL12 containing CS-GAG hydrogels when compared to other hydrogel matrices containing the same chemokine concentration. This is likely due to the significantly (p<0.05) greater affinity of composite CS-GAGs to CXCL12 over other hydrogel matrices. Results from qRT-PCR assays further demonstrated the significant (p<0.05) upregulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the CSPG receptor LAR in glioma cells within CS-GAG hydrogels compared to control hydrogels. Western blot analysis of cell lysates derived from glioma cells encapsulated in different hydrogel matrices further corroborate qRT-PCR results, and indicate the presence of a potential variant of LAR that is selectively expressed only in glioma cells encapsulated in CS-GAG hydrogels. These results suggest that sulfated CS-GAGs may directly induce enhanced invasion and haptotaxis of glioma cells associated with aggressive brain tumors via distinct mechanisms.

Dataset Information

Sulfated vizantin causes detachment of biofilms composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus without affecting bacterial growth and viability.

Publications

Sulfated vizantin causes detachment of biofilms composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus without affecting bacterial growth and viability.

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