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Molecular and genome characterization of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

ABSTRACT: Using molecular and whole-genome sequencing tools, we investigated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions. Two unrelated E. coli colistin-resistant isolates, ST8259 and ST4218, were identified, both belonging to the B2 phylogroup and different serotypes. Polymorphisms in PmrA, PmrB, and PhoQ proteins were identified, and the role of PmrB and PhoQ in contributing to colistin resistance was determined by complementation assays. However, the mutations characterized in the present study are not involved in colistin resistance, which have been described in E. coli isolates from clinical settings. Therefore, the acquired mutations in pmrB and phoQ genes in resistance to colistin in bacteria related to marine environment animals are different. This work contributes to the surveillance and characterization of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli obtained from animals from aquatic environments.

SUBMITTER: Hernandez-Castro R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7688835 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Wildlife is exposed to a diverse set of extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, such as climatic variation or life history constraints, which may impact individual health and fitness. El Niño and climatic anomalies between 2013 and 2016 had major ecological impacts on the California Current ecosystem. As top marine predators, California sea lions (CSL) experienced decreased prey availability and foraging success, impacting their nutritional state. We hypothesize that chronic stress to juvenile CSL increased during the 2015-2016 El Niño and that breeding represents a period of chronic stress for adults, which impact a variety of physiological processes. We opportunistically captured and sampled juvenile CSL (female, n?= 29; male, n?= 38) in central California and adult male CSL (n?= 76) in Astoria, Oregon and quantified a suite of analytes in serum as indicators of acute stress markers, metabolism and thyroid function, and adaptive immune response. We found that stress hormones and glucose were decreased in juvenile CSL during 2016 relative to 2015 and in adult male CSL after the breeding season, which may indicate chronic stress downregulating HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis sensitivity with associated metabolic impacts. Conversely, thyroid hormones for both juvenile and adult male CSL were increased, suggesting greater energetic requirements resulting from increased foraging activity during suboptimal conditions in juveniles and breeding tenure in adult males. Immunoglobulin IgG was elevated in juveniles in 2016 but reduced in adult males post-breeding. This suggests that juveniles may face immunostimulatory pressure during anomalously warm ocean environments; however, for adult males, breeding is a significant energetic cost resulting in reductions to immune function. Our results indicate that environmental conditions and life history stage may influence physiological responses in an important marine predator and a sentinel species of changing ocean ecosystems.

Dataset Information

Molecular and genome characterization of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

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