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Psychometric validation of the Persian version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire.

ABSTRACT: Emotions play a central role in scientific models of decision-making, human development, interpersonal processes, psychopathology, and well-being. The Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ) is a novel and multifaceted psychometric scale that assesses the dimensions of individual's emotional styles. The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of the Persian ESQ. The original version of the ESQ was translated and back-translated into Persian, followed by a pilot study. A sample of university students and staff participated in a survey (n = 822) which included the ESQ, Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results showed that the Persian ESQ had very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.84; Composite reliability = 0.89) and adequate test-retest reliability after four weeks (intraclass coefficient, r = .71 with 95% CI [.63, .77]). The confirmatory factor analysis model fitted the data well (χ²/df = 2.86, CFI = .970, SRMR = .046, PCLOSE = .85 > .05, RMSEA = .048, 90% CI [.043, .053]). Also, measurement invariance indicated the ESQ had acceptable construct validity among different groups. As for criterion-related validity, the ESQ positively correlated with scores on the WHOQOL-BREF (r = .76) and PANAS-positive affect (r = .62), and negatively correlated with the scores on the OASIS (r = -.68), DERS (r = -.39), and PANAS-negative affect (r = -72). The findings provide evidence that the ESQ is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing healthy emotionality among Persian speaking individuals. The Persian ESQ can be used in psychological intervention and clinical research in Iran and other Persian-speaking countries.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-020-01205-1.

SUBMITTER: Nazari N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7690336 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe high prevalence of sleep problems and their negative consequences on children and parents highlight the need to design early screening instruments to evaluate sleep problems in early childhood. We aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) among the Iranian population.Methods and materialsThis study included 646 one-year-old infants by random sampling from the PERSIAN birth cohort study. Following the forward-backward translation of the BISQ, its psychometric properties, including construct validity in terms of concurrent and convergent validities as well as reliability, were evaluated.ResultsThe CVIs and CVR ranged between 0.8 and 1.00 for all items. Therefore, we keep all the items of the original version of the BISQ in the Persian BISQ. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing items of the Persian BISQ among different maternal views regarding their infant's sleep. All BISQ items were significantly different among the two levels of maternal view about the infant's sleep problem except daytime sleep duration. The convergent validity of the BISQ was evaluated by calculating the correlation between BISQ items and the ISQ (infant sleep questionnaire) total score as a similar tool. ISQ score was adequately correlated with nocturnal sleep latency and the number of waking at night (rs ranged from 0.59 to 0.72). In addition, the associations of mothers' and infants' demographic variables and nutritional and gestational variables with BISQ items were presented to confirm construct validity. Strong correlations were found between the repeated sleep measures for sleep arrangement, sleep position, and sleep situation (kappa ranged from 0.65 to 0.84), nocturnal sleep duration, daytime sleep duration number of wakings at night, night waking duration, nocturnal sleep latency and sleep-onset time (ICC ranged 0.91 to 0.99).ConclusionThe Persian version of the BISQ is a reliable and valid measure for assessing sleep problems in infants. It would be helpful to be utilized for the early diagnosis of infants' sleep problems.

Project description:BackgroundA gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective treatment for celiac patients and assessing adherence to this diet is important. Celiac disease Adherence Test (CDAT) is a valid English-language questionnaire that is used for assessing the adherence to the GFD. In the present study, we aimed to translate the CDAT questionnaire in Persian and evaluate its validity and reliability.MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, CDAT was translated and back-translated by three bilingual professional translators. Content validity was evaluated by 12 gastroenterologists and nutritionists. To assess the construct validity, 230 patients with celiac disease were randomly selected from the national celiac disease registry database. Internal consistency of the items and test-retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). To assess the convergent validity of the questionnaire, the correlation coefficient between the CDAT score and anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (anti-t-TG-IgA) titer was assessed.ResultsThe content validity index, content validity ratio, and impact score of the Persian version of CDAT (Pv-CDAT) were 0.97, 0.95, and 4.61 respectively. Three significant factors were extracted and according to the confirmatory factor analysis the three-factor model had adequate fitness (chi-square p-value of 0.74, root mean error of approximation: 0.001 [95% CI: 0.001-0.083], comparative fit index: 1, standardized root mean squared residual: 0.04, and coefficient of determination: 0.78). The questionnaire had good feasibility with the floor effect of 3.1% and the ceiling effect of 0.4%. Moreover, it has high internal consistency (Cronbach-alpha: 0.71) and test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.78). The correlations between CDAT categories and anti-tTG-IgA categories showed a significant correlation between the two tests (r = 0.53; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of the present study showed that the Pv-CDAT questionnaire with high validity, reliability, and internal consistency can be used for assessing adherence to the GFD in adult celiac patients in Iran.

Project description:BackgroundPerson-centered care is a valuable approach to improve the quality of care of the elderly and is a starting point for maintaining the dignity of people needing care.ObjectivesThis study aimed at translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-Patient questionnaire in elderly patients admitted to the Eastern Guilan hospitals from 2017-2018.DesignThis research was a cross-sectional study. The Persian version of Person-centered Climate Questionnaire -Patient version was completed by 200 older adults admitted to different wards of the hospitals. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected in 5 hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, East of Guilan located in the north of Iran, from November 2017 to February 2018.MethodsThis study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the original questionnaire with 17 items was translated from English into Persian using Forward-Backward translation method. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated using face, content, and construct validity, as well as reliability (internal consistency and stability). Data were analyzed via SPSS software v.16.ResultsThe results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) led to retaining 17 items with three factors of "Safety", "Hospitality", and "Everydayness" which explained 47.69% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for each factor (0.85, 0.70, and 0.64, respectively) as well as the whole instrument (0.85), to ensure internal consistency. Stability was confirmed by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient as 0.99.ConclusionsThe current study found support for assessing the person-centered climate from the perspective of the elderly patients by using the Persian version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-Patient that has an appropriate cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability.

Project description:AimsThe way an individual handles the experience of psychosis, the so-called 'recovery style', has been shown to substantially affect long-term outcomes. The Recovery Style Questionnaire (RSQ) measures this psychological dimension. The aim of this study was to provide a validation of the German version of the RSQ and to raise awareness for recovery-oriented approaches.MethodsThe RSQ was translated into German according to the guidelines of the WHO and patients were administered this questionnaire and measures of internalised stigma, psychotic symptoms, illness concept, empowerment, self-esteem and quality of life. Descriptive statistics were demonstrated to characterise the sample. Reliability was assessed in different forms: internal consistency, test-retest reliability and split-half reliability. Items were evaluated with descriptive data and item-total correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity were shown, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. In order to ameliorate the model, a post hoc model modification was done.ResultsThe sample consisted of 138 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (mean age: 35.7 years; 53.6% men; mean duration of illness: 20.6 years) with a mean RSQ overall percentage of 66.12 (s.d. ± 17.43%), mainly representing the categories 'mixed picture' and 'tends towards integration'. The reliability of the RSQ was acceptable with a Cronbach's α of 0.741 and a test-retest coefficient of 0.502. Item-total correlations were not acceptable for 27 of 39 items. Moderate evidence for convergent validity of the RSQ was found. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 13-factor model with 39 items originally proposed was partially poorly replicated in the present sample (χ2 ratio to degrees of freedom (χ2/df) of 1.732, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.585, Normed Fit Index (NFI) of 0.414, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.508, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.095). The RSQ was modified based on item-total correlations and path coefficients of the single items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the resulting one-factor model with 11 items showed adequate fit to the data (χ2/df of 1.562, CFI of 0.936, NFI of 0.847, TLI of 0.910, RMSEA of 0.083) and demonstrated good model fit.ConclusionsDespite partially insufficient psychometric data of the original RSQ, the concept of recovery style is beneficial to psychiatric research and clinical practice. The underlying idea is valuable, and the questionnaire needs further development. Therefore, a short version of the RSQ is proposed.

Project description:BackgroundEven though tobacco is one of the most preventable causes of death worldwide, it endangers more than 8 million people yearly. In this context, meta-analyses suggest that a significant part of the general Iranian population over 15 years of age smoke and that there is a need for good screening tools for smoking cravings and urges in Iran. The present study reported the translation and investigated the psychometric properties (i.e., factor structure, validity, and reliability) of the Persian version of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU) with 12 items in the Iranian context.MethodThe translation process and content validity of the items were examined entirely in an expert panel using the Content Validity Index. The total sample of participants in which the translated version was tested consisted of 392 (172 female, 220 male, Mage = 22.31 years, SD = 2.90) university students who answered the QSU 12-item at the start of their participation in smoking cessation interventions. The QSU 12-item was firstly translated, then piloted using a subsample of 150 university students and finally validity and reliability of the instrument were investigated using a subsample of 242 participants. We tested the proposed models in the literature, that is, a 1-factor solution and a 2-factor solution with six items on each factor (Factor 1: desire/intention to smoke; Factor 2: relief of negative affect or withdrawal symptoms and anticipation of positive outcome). At last, we tested differences across differences in QSU-scores across different subgroups of individuals based on their demographics.ResultsThe results suggested that, in contrast to past studies, a modified 2-factor model, using five items for Factor 1 and 7 items for Factor 2, was the best fitting model (CFI = .95, RMSEA = .09, CI = 90%). Additionally, the QSU 12-item Persian version showed good convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency (Factor 1 = .94, Factor 2 = .97), ICC (average measure ICC = .95, CI = 95%, F(391, 4301) = 20.54, p < .001), concurrent validity (r = .71, p < .01), and discriminant validity (r = -.04, p > .05). Finally, subgroups based on gender, marital status, (un)employment, and educational level did not differed in their responses to the QSU 12-item.ConclusionThe Persian version of the QSU 12-item has satisfactory psychometric properties and, with a slight modification, it can be considered as a reliable and valid method to estimate smoking urges in the Iranian population. Moreover, the QSU 12-item seems appropriate to measure urge for smoking among groups of individuals with different sociodemographic backgrounds. Importantly, the QSU 12-item differentiates individuals' desire and intention to smoke from their anticipated relief of negative affect or withdrawal symptoms, which can be important for personalizing interventions targeting individuals who want to quit smoking.

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Psychometric validation of the Persian version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire.

Supplementary information

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