Dataset Information

Microbial Reference Frames Reveal Distinct Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after Cleansing.

ABSTRACT: Skin cleansing represents a process of mechanical and chemical removal of dirt, pollutants as well as microbiota from the skin. While skin cleansing can help maintain good health, protect us from infections, illnesses and ailments, skin cleansing can also strip away lipids and moisture from the skin, leading to irritation, barrier impairment and disturbance of the delicate cutaneous microbiome. This study investigated how skin cleansing impacts skin's microbial composition. Thirty Caucasian women were enrolled in a placebo controlled clinical study where participants applied on their volar forearms a liquid body wash twice daily for 1 week in order to mimic frequent showering. Skin microbiome samples were collected by swabbing at defined timepoints and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. Using "reference frames", we could identify shifts in the microbial composition and several microbiota were identified as being characteristically associated with the presence of saccharide isomerate, a well-known skin moisturizer. The microbial shift was quite immediate, and we could observe it already at 1 h post cleansing. Interestingly, the new microbial composition reached a certain dynamic equilibrium at day 1 which was then maintained until the end of the study. Paracoccus marcusii, a potentially beneficial carotenoid-producer microorganism, was enriched by the active treatment and, at the same time, the abundance of several potential pathogenic taxa, Brevibacterium casei and Rothia mucilaginosa, diminished.

SUBMITTER: Sfriso R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7690701 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microbial Reference Frames Reveal Distinct Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after Cleansing.

Sfriso Riccardo R Claypool Joshua J

Microorganisms 20201023 11

Skin cleansing represents a process of mechanical and chemical removal of dirt, pollutants as well as microbiota from the skin. While skin cleansing can help maintain good health, protect us from infections, illnesses and ailments, skin cleansing can also strip away lipids and moisture from the skin, leading to irritation, barrier impairment and disturbance of the delicate cutaneous microbiome. This study investigated how skin cleansing impacts skin's microbial composition. Thirty Caucasian wome ...[more]

PMID: 33113896

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Project description:BackgroundThe extent to which deterministic rather than stochastic processes guide gut bacteria co-existence and ultimately their assembling into a community remains largely unknown. Co-occurrence networks of bacterial associations offer a powerful approach to begin exploring gut microbial community structure, maintenance and dynamics, beyond compositional aspects alone. Here we used an iconic model system, the cichlid fishes, with their multiple lake assemblages and extraordinary ecological diversity, to investigate a) patterns of microbial associations that were robust to major phylogeographical variables, and b) changes in microbial network structure along dietary shifts. We tackled these objectives using the large gut microbiota sequencing dataset available (nine lakes from Africa and America), building geographical and diet-specific networks and performing comparative network analyses.ResultsMajor findings indicated that lake and continental microbial networks were highly resembling in global topology and node taxonomic composition, despite the heterogeneity of the samples. A small fraction of the observed co-occurrences among operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was conserved across all lake assemblages. These were all positive associations and involved OTUs within the genera Cetobacterium and Turicibacter and several OTUs belonging to the families of Peptostreptococcaceae and Clostridiaceae (order Clostridiales). Mapping of diet contribution on the African Lake Tanganyika network (therefore excluding the geographic variable) revealed a clear community change from carnivores (C) to omnivores (O) to herbivores (H). Node abundances and effect size for pairwise comparisons between diets supported a strong contrasting pattern between C and H. Moreover, diet-associated nodes in H formed complex modules of positive interactions among taxonomically diverse bacteria (mostly Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria).ConclusionsConservation of microbial network topologies and specific bacterial associations across distinct lake assemblages point to a major host-associated effect and potential deterministic processes shaping the cichlid gut microbiota. While the origin and biological relevance of these common associations remain unclear, their persistence suggests an important functional role in the cichlid gut. Among the very diverse cichlids of L. Tanganyika, diet nonetheless represents a major driver of microbial community changes. By intersecting results from predictive network inferences and experimental trials, future studies will be directed to explore the strength of these associations, predict the outcome of community alterations driven by diet and ultimately help understanding the role of gut microbiota in cichlid trophic diversification.

Project description:BackgroundCharacterization of the topographical and temporal diversity of the microbial collective (microbiome) hosted by healthy human skin established a reference for studying disease-causing microbiomes. Physiologic changes occur in the skin as humans mature from infancy to adulthood. Thus, characterizations of adult microbiomes might have limitations when considering pediatric disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD) or issues such as sites of microbial carriage. The objective of this study was to determine if microbial communities at several body sites in children differed significantly from adults.MethodsUsing 16S-rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities of four body sites in relation to Tanner stage of human development. Body sites sampled included skin sites characteristically involved in AD (antecubital/popliteal fossae), a control skin site (volar forearm), and the nares. Twenty-eight healthy individuals aged from 2 to 40 years were evaluated at the outpatient dermatology clinic in the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center. Exclusion criteria included the use of systemic antibiotics within 6 months, current/prior chronic skin disorders, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or other chronic medical conditions.ResultsBacterial communities in the nares of children (Tanner developmental stage 1) differed strikingly from adults (Tanner developmental stage 5). Firmicutes (Streptococcaceae), Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria (β, γ) were overrepresented in Tanner 1 compared to Tanner 5 individuals, where Corynebacteriaceae and Propionibacteriaceae predominated. While bacterial communities were significantly different between the two groups in all sites, the most marked microbial shifts were observed in the nares, a site that can harbor pathogenic species, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.ConclusionsSignificant shifts in the microbiota associated with progressive sexual maturation as measured by Tanner staging suggest that puberty-dependent shifts in the skin and nares microbiomes may have significant implications regarding prevention and treatment of pediatric disorders involving microbial pathogens and colonization.

Dataset Information

Microbial Reference Frames Reveal Distinct Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after Cleansing.

Publications

Microbial Reference Frames Reveal Distinct Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after Cleansing.

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