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Effect of Baicalin on Bacterial Secondary Infection and Inflammation Caused by H9N2 AIV Infection in Chickens.

ABSTRACT: H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) is a low pathogenic virus that is widely prevalent all over the world. H9N2 AIV causes immunosuppression in the host and often leads to high rates of mortality due to secondary infection with Escherichia. Due to the drug resistance of bacteria, many antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of secondary bacterial infection. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find effective nonantibiotic drugs for the treatment of H9N2 AIV infection-induced secondary bacterial infection and inflammation. This study proves, for the first time, that baicalin, a Chinese herbal medicine, can regulate Lactobacillus to replace Escherichia induced by H9N2 AIV, so as to resolve the intestinal flora disorder. In addition, baicalin can effectively prevent intestinal bacterial translocation of SPF chickens' post-H9N2 AIV infection, thus inhibiting secondary bacterial infection. Furthermore, baicalin can effectively treat H9N2 AIV-induced inflammation by inhibiting intestinal structural damage, inhibiting damage to ileal mucus layer construction and tight junctions, improving antioxidant capacity, affecting blood biochemical indexes, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results provide a new theoretical basis for clinical prevention and control of H9N2 AIV infection-induced secondary bacterial infection and inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7691011 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Baicalin on Bacterial Secondary Infection and Inflammation Caused by H9N2 AIV Infection in Chickens.

Zhang Xinheng X Zhao Qiqi Q Ci Xiaotong X Chen Sheng S Chen Liyi L Lian Jiamin J Xie Zi Z Ye Yaqiong Y Lv Huiyuan H Li Hongxin H Lin Wencheng W Zhang Huanmin H Xie Qingmei Q

BioMed research international 20201118

H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) is a low pathogenic virus that is widely prevalent all over the world. H9N2 AIV causes immunosuppression in the host and often leads to high rates of mortality due to secondary infection with Escherichia. Due to the drug resistance of bacteria, many antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of secondary bacterial infection. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find effective nonantibiotic drugs for the treatment of H9N2 AIV infection-induc ...[more]

PMID: 33294434

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Project description:BackgroundAs a low pathogenic influenza virus, avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 (H9N2 AIV) often induces high morbidity in association with secondary bacterial infections in chickens or mammals. To explore this phenomenon, the relationship between intestinal microflora changes and bacterial translocations was studied post H9N2 AIV challenge and post AIV infection plus Ageratum-liquid treatment.MethodsIllumina sequencing, histological examination and Neongreen-tagged bacteria were used in this study to research the microbiota composition, intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation in six weeks of BALB/c mice.ResultsH9N2 AIV infection caused intestinal dysbacteriosis and mucosal barrier damages. Notably, the villus length was significantly reduced (p?<?0.01) at 12 dpi and the crypt depth was significantly increased (p?<?0.01) at 5 dpi and 12 dpi with infection, resulting in the mucosal regular villus-length/crypt-depth (V/C) was significantly reduced (p?<?0.01) at 5 dpi and 12 dpi. Moreover, degeneration and dissolution of the mucosal epithelial cells, loose of the connective tissue and partial glandular atrophy were found in infection group, indicating that intestinal barrier function was weakened. Eventually, intestinal microbiota (Staphylococcus, E. coli, etc.) overrun the intestinal barrier and migrated to liver and lung tissues of the mice at 5 and 12 dpi. Furthermore, the bacteria transferred in mesentery tissue sites from intestine at 36?h through tracking the Neongreen-tagged bacteria. Then the Neongreen-tagged bacteria were isolated from liver at 48?h post intragastrical administration. Simultaneously, Ageratum-liquid could inhibit the intestinal microbiota disorder post H9N2 AIV challenge via the respiratory tract. In addition, this study also illustrated that Ageratum-liquid could effectively prevent intestinal bacterial translocation post H9N2 AIV infection in mice.ConclusionIn this study, we report the discovery that H9N2 AIV infection could damage the ileal mucosal barrier and induce the disturbance of the intestinal flora in BALB/c mice resulting in translocation of intestinal bacteria. In addition, this study indicated that Ageratum-liquid can effectively prevent bacterial translocation following H9N2 infection. These findings are of important theoretical and practical significance in prevention and control of H9N2 AIV infection.

Dataset Information

Effect of Baicalin on Bacterial Secondary Infection and Inflammation Caused by H9N2 AIV Infection in Chickens.

Publications

Effect of Baicalin on Bacterial Secondary Infection and Inflammation Caused by H9N2 AIV Infection in Chickens.

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