Dataset Information

Histological Changes Associated with the Graft Union Development in Tomato.

ABSTRACT: Despite the importance of grafting in horticultural crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the structural changes that occur during the graft establishment are little understood. Using histological techniques, the present work examines the time course of changes on the anatomical structure of the graft junction in functional tomato homografts and compares it to that of heterografts and non-functional grafts. No apparent differences were detected between homo- and heterografts, showing similar tissue development. At 10 days after grafting, the cell walls of the scion and rootstock in the area of the graft junction were thicker than usual. Undifferentiated cells and new vascular tissue emerged from the pre-existing vasculature. Adventitious roots appeared mainly on the scion, arising from the pre-existing vasculature. At 20 days, more pronounced vascular tissue was visible, along with large areas showing vascular connection. At 210 days, vestiges of the changes undergone in graft development were still visible. Generally, non-functional grafts presented layers of necrotic remains and deposition of cell wall material in the cut edges, impeding the suitable scion-rootstock connection. Our results show that accurate changes in pre-existing vasculature and the cell walls of the adhesion line are crucial to the development of functional grafts.

SUBMITTER: Frey C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7692471 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Histological Changes Associated with the Graft Union Development in Tomato.

Frey Carlos C Acebes José Luis JL Encina Antonio A Álvarez Rafael R

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20201103 11

Despite the importance of grafting in horticultural crops such as tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.), the structural changes that occur during the graft establishment are little understood. Using histological techniques, the present work examines the time course of changes on the anatomical structure of the graft junction in functional tomato homografts and compares it to that of heterografts and non-functional grafts. No apparent differences were detected between homo- and heterografts, sh ...[more]

PMID: 33153061

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Grafting is a technique widely used in horticulture. The processes involved in grafting are diverse, and the technique is commonly employed in studies focusing on the mechanisms that regulate cell differentiation or response of plants to abiotic stress. Information on the changes in the composition of the cell wall that occur during the grafting process is scarce. Therefore, this study was carried out for analyzing the composition of the cell wall using Arabidopsis hypocotyls as an example. During the study, the formation of a layer that covers the surface of the graft union was observed. So, this study also aimed to describe the histological and cellular changes that accompany autografting of Arabidopsis hypocotyls and to perform preliminary chemical and structural analyses of extracellular material that seals the graft union. RESULTS:During grafting, polyphenolic and lipid compounds were detected, along with extracellular deposition of carbohydrate/protein material. The spatiotemporal changes observed in the structure of the extracellular material included the formation of a fibrillar network, polymerization of the fibrillar network into a membranous layer, and the presence of bead-like structures on the surface of cells in established graft union. These bead-like structures appeared either "closed" or "open". Only three cell wall epitopes, namely: LM19 (un/low-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan), JIM11, and JIM20 (extensins), were detected abundantly on the cut surfaces that made the adhesion plane, as well as in the structure that covered the graft union and in the bead-like structures, during the subsequent stages of regeneration. CONCLUSIONS:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the composition and structure of the extracellular material that gets deposited on the surface of graft union during Arabidopsis grafting. The results showed that unmethyl-esterified homogalacturonan and extensins are together involved in the adhesion of scion and stock, as well as taking part in sealing the graft union. The extracellular material is of importance not only due to the potential pectin-extensin interaction but also due to its origin. The findings presented here implicate a need for studies with biochemical approach for a detailed analysis of the composition and structure of the extracellular material.

Dataset Information

Histological Changes Associated with the Graft Union Development in Tomato.

Publications

Histological Changes Associated with the Graft Union Development in Tomato.

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