Dataset Information

Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities.

ABSTRACT: Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts-as being less fine-tuned to host development-to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort.

SUBMITTER: Kankaanpaa T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7692897 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities.

Kankaanpää Tuomas T Vesterinen Eero E Hardwick Bess B Schmidt Niels M NM Andersson Tommi T Aspholm Paul E PE Barrio Isabel C IC Beckers Niklas N Bêty Joël J Birkemoe Tone T DeSiervo Melissa M Drotos Katherine H I KHI Ehrich Dorothee D Gilg Olivier O Gilg Vladimir V Hein Nils N Høye Toke T TT Jakobsen Kristian M KM Jodouin Camille C Jorna Jesse J Kozlov Mikhail V MV Kresse Jean-Claude JC Leandri-Breton Don-Jean DJ Lecomte Nicolas N Loonen Maarten M Marr Philipp P Monckton Spencer K SK Olsen Maia M Otis Josée-Anne JA Pyle Michelle M Roos Ruben E RE Raundrup Katrine K Rozhkova Daria D Sabard Brigitte B Sokolov Aleksandr A Sokolova Natalia N Solecki Anna M AM Urbanowicz Christine C Villeneuve Catherine C Vyguzova Evgenya E Zverev Vitali V Roslin Tomas T

Global change biology 20200911 11

Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and fu ...[more]

PMID: 32914511

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Project description:Abstract Aim To test whether the occupancy of shorebirds has changed in the eastern Canadian Arctic, and whether these changes could indicate that shorebird distributions are shifting in response to long‐term climate change. Location Foxe Basin and Rasmussen Lowlands, Nunavut, Canada. Methods We used a unique set of observations, made 25 years apart, using general linear models to test if there was a relationship between changes in shorebird species' occupancy and their species temperature Index, a simple version of a species climate envelope. Results Changes in occupancy and density varied widely across species, with some increasing and some decreasing. This is despite that overall population trends are known to be negative for all of these species based on surveys during migration. The changes in occupancy that we observed were positively related to the species temperature index, such that the warmer‐breeding species appear to be moving into these regions, while colder‐breeding species appear to be shifting out of the regions, likely northward. Main Conclusions Our results suggest that we should be concerned about declining breeding habitat availability for bird species whose current breeding ranges are centered on higher and colder latitudes. We used a unique set of observations, made 25 years apart, using general linear models to test if there was a relationship between changes in shorebird species' occupancy and their species temperature index, a simple version of a species' climate envelope. The changes in occupancy that we observed were positively related to the species temperature index, such that the warmer‐breeding species appear to be moving into these regions, while colder‐breeding species appear to be shifting out of the regions, likely northward. Our results suggest that we should be concerned about declining breeding habitat availability for bird species whose current breeding ranges are centered on higher and colder latitudes.

Dataset Information

Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities.

Publications

Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities.

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