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Design, reliability and construct validity of a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire on personal use of antibiotics in Spain.

ABSTRACT: Numerous questionnaires are available on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) towards antibiotics' use by adults, but none of these questionnaires is fully validated. We undertook an exhaustive literature review to design a comprehensive KAP questionnaire concerning the personal use of antibiotics in Galicia, North Spain. The Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and modified Kappa statistic (K*), confirmed the content validity of the questions (0.78 ? I-CVI ? 1.00 and 0.78 ? K* ? 1.00). The S-CVI statistic showed the content validity of the scale (S-CVI/Ave: 0.95). Following face validity and pilot testing, the Test-Retest Reliability in a sample of 145 adults confirmed the reliability of the questions. We carried out Confirmatory Factor Analysis using cross loadings and modification indices to choose the most adequate model in data collected from 844 adults. We estimated the indicators of model fit and demonstrated that the selected model has a good to excellent fit, thus establishing the construct validity. The final version of the questionnaire was highly accepted by the general adult population as reflected by the response rate (95.85%) and the low percentage of unanswered questions (0.4-2.7%). Our fully validated questionnaire could prove useful for research as it permits generating high quality data and reducing measurement error.

SUBMITTER: Mallah N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7693171 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Design, reliability and construct validity of a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire on personal use of antibiotics in Spain.

Mallah Narmeen N Rodríguez-Cano Rubén R Figueiras Adolfo A Takkouche Bahi B

Scientific reports 20201126 1

Numerous questionnaires are available on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) towards antibiotics' use by adults, but none of these questionnaires is fully validated. We undertook an exhaustive literature review to design a comprehensive KAP questionnaire concerning the personal use of antibiotics in Galicia, North Spain. The Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and modified Kappa statistic (K*), confirmed the content validity of the questions (0.78 ≤ I-CVI ≤ 1.00 and 0.78 ≤ K* ≤ 1.00). The ...[more]

PMID: 33244041

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Project description:BackgroundRecently, many scientists including bacteriologists have begun to focus on social aspects of antibiotic management especially the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among the general population regarding antibiotic use. However, relatively few works have published on the relationship between KAP and medical education. In this study, we analyze the present status of Chinese medical (MS)- and non-medical (NS) students' KAP on the use of antibiotics, and examine the influence of Chinese medical curriculum on the appropriate usage of antibiotics among medical students.MethodsIn this study, 2500 students from 3 universities (including one medical university) in Northeastern China participate in the questionnaire survey on students' knowledge, attitude and practice toward antibiotic usage. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Chi square test were used to analyze questionnaire-related discrete and categorical variables respectively, in order to assess the impact of the medical curriculum on students' KAP towards antibiotics.Results2088 (83.5%) respondents (MS-1236 and NS-852) were considered valid for analysis. The level of knowledge of MS on the proper use of antibiotics was significantly higher than that of NS (p < 0.0001). However, based on their responses on actual practice, MS were found to rely on antibiotics more than NS (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the knowledge and attitude of MS towards antibiotic use improved with the increase in grade with discriminate use of antibiotics concurrently escalating during the same period.ConclusionsThis study indicates that Chinese medical curriculum significantly improves students' knowledge on antibiotics and raises their attention on antibiotic resistance that may result from indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The study also shows an excessive use of antibiotics especially among the more senior medical students, signifying a deficiency of antibiotics usage instruction in their curriculum. This might explain why there are frequent abuses of antibiotics in both hospital and community settings from a certain angle.

Project description:Introduction/backgroundDengue fever remains a public health threat despite being preventable. A solution to the constant problem of dengue infection will require active intervention and a paradigm shift. Assessing perceived risk and correlating it with the attitude and practice of the community will help in designing appropriate measures. However, possible instruments for these assessments come with limitations.ObjectiveThe aim is to develop and validate a new scoring-based questionnaire, using dual statistical approaches to measure risk perception, attitude, and practices (RPAP) related to dengue in the community.MethodsThe RPAP questionnaire was developed bilingually using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) guidelines. Content analysis was reviewed scrupulously by four expert panels. The initial 35-item scale was tested among 253 Malaysian respondents recruited non-probabilistically via multiple online platforms. Two statistical methods were employed to measure the construct validity: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as part of the Classical Test Theory (CTT) measurement, while Rasch Measurement Analysis (Rasch) was performed for the Item Response Theory (IRT) measurement. All results were cross-validated with their counterpart to ensure stability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to obtain a model fit index.Results29 questions were retained after the final analysis. Both EFA and Rasch analysis detect multidimensionality. Nine latent factors were extracted from EFA, while only eight factors remained in the final model following CFA: 1) perceived susceptibility; 2) perceived severity; 3) perceived barrier; 4) perceived benefit; 5) cues to action; 6) self-efficacy; 7) attitude; and 8) practice. All items had adequate factor loadings and showed good internal consistency. The final model after CFA achieved a good fit with an RMSEA value of 0.061, SRMR of 0.068, PNFI of 0.649, and GFI of 0.996.ConclusionThe RPAP questionnaire contains 29 items and is a reliable and accurate psychometric instrument for measuring the risk perception of dengue fever, attitude, and practice of the community in dengue prevention. The Rasch measurement provides additional rigour to complement the CTT analysis. This RPAP questionnaire is suitable for use in studies related to dengue prevention in the community.

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Design, reliability and construct validity of a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire on personal use of antibiotics in Spain.

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Design, reliability and construct validity of a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire on personal use of antibiotics in Spain.

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