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Osmotic Stress Leads to Significant Changes in Rice Root Metabolic Profiles between Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes.

ABSTRACT: To breed osmotic stress-tolerant rice, the mechanisms involved in maintaining root growth under osmotic stress is important to elucidate. In this study, two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, IR 58 (stress-tolerant cultivar) and Basilanon (stress-sensitive cultivar), were used. After 1, 3, and 7 days of -0.42 MPa osmotic stress treatment induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, root metabolomes were analyzed, yielding 276 detected compounds. Among 276 metabolites, 102 metabolites increased with the duration of the stress treatment in IR 58 roots, and only nine metabolites decreased. In contrast, 51 metabolites increased, and 45 metabolites decreased in Basilanon roots. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores clearly indicated differences between the cultivars and the treatments. Pathway analysis showed that the metabolites exhibiting stress-induced increases in IR 58 were those involved in sugar metabolism (such as sucrose 6'-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate), polyamine and phenylpropanoid metabolisms (such as spermine, spermidine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), and glutathione metabolism (such as glutathione, cysteine, cadaverine). IR 58 roots showed an increase in the most proteinogenic amino acids such as proline, serine, glutamine and asparagine. It was also maintained or increased the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (citric acid, cis-Aconitic acid, isocitric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid) under osmotic stress compared with that under control. Therefore, IR 58 actively synthesized various metabolites, and the increase in these metabolites contributed to the maintenance of important biological functions such as energy production and antioxidant defense to promote root development under osmotic stress.

SUBMITTER: Matsunami M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7694650 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Osmotic Stress Leads to Significant Changes in Rice Root Metabolic Profiles between Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes.

Matsunami Maya M Toyofuku Kyoko K Kimura Natsumi N Ogawa Atsushi A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20201106 11

To breed osmotic stress-tolerant rice, the mechanisms involved in maintaining root growth under osmotic stress is important to elucidate. In this study, two rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) cultivars, IR 58 (stress-tolerant cultivar) and Basilanon (stress-sensitive cultivar), were used. After 1, 3, and 7 days of -0.42 MPa osmotic stress treatment induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, root metabolomes were analyzed, yielding 276 detected compounds. Among 276 metabolites, 102 metabolites increas ...[more]

PMID: 33172058

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Project description:IntroductionSalinity is a complex environmental stress that affects the growth and production of rice worldwide. But there are some rice landraces in coastal regions that can survive in presence of highly saline conditions. An understanding of the molecular attributes contributing to the salinity tolerance of these genotypes is important for developing salt-tolerant high yielding modern genotypes to ensure food security. Therefore, we investigated the role and functional differences of two K+ salt-responsive transporters. These are OsTPKa or Vacuolar two-pore potassium channel and OsHAK_like or a hypothetical protein of the HAK family. These transporters were selected from previously identified QTLs from the tolerant rice landrace genotype (Horkuch) and sensitive genotype (IR29).MethodsIn silico comparative sequence analysis of the promoter sequences of two these genes between Horkuch and IR29 was done. Real-Time expression of the selected genes in leaves and roots of IR29 (salt-sensitive), I-14 and I-71 (Recombinant Inbred Lines of IR29(♀)× Horkuch), Horkuch and Pokkali (salt-tolerant) under salt-stress at different time points was analyzed. For further insight, OsTPKa and OsHAK_like were chosen for loss-of-function genomic analysis in Horkuch using the CRISPR/Cas9 tool. Furthermore, OsTPKa was chosen for cloning into a sensitive variety by Gateway technology to observe the effect of gain-of-function.ResultsThe promoter sequences of the OsTPKa and OsHAK_like genes showed some significant differences in promoter sequences which may give a survival advantage to Horkuch under salt-stress. These two genes were also found to be overexpressed in tolerant varieties (Horkuch and Pokkali). Moreover, a coordinated expression pattern between these two genes was observed in tolerant Horkuch under salt-stress. Independently transformed plants where the expression of these genes was significantly lowered, performed poorly in physiological tests for salinity tolerance. On the other hand, positively transformed T0 plants with the OsTPKa gene from Horkuch consistently showed growth advantage under both control and salt stress.DiscussionThe poor performance of the transgenic plants with the down-regulated genes OsTPKa and OsHAK_like under salt stress supports the assumption that OsTPKa and OsHAK_like play important roles in defending the rice landrace Horkuch against salt stress, minimizing salt injury, and maintaining plant growth. Moreover, the growth advantage provided by overexpression of the vacuolar OsTPKa K+ transporter, particularly under salt stress reconfirms its important role in providing salt tolerance. The QTL locus from Horkuch containing these two transporters maybe bred into commercial rice to produce high-yielding salt tolerant rice.

Project description:BackgroundThe effects of viral infection involve concomitant plant gene variations and cellular changes. A simple system is required to assess the complexity of host responses to viral infection. The genome of the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a single-stranded RNA with a simple organisation. It is the most well-known monocotyledon virus model. Several studies on its biology, structure and phylogeography have provided a suitable background for further genetic studies. 12 rice chromosome sequences are now available and provide strong support for genomic studies, particularly physical mapping and gene identification.ResultsThe present data, obtained through the cDNA-AFLP technique, demonstrate differential responses to RYMV of two different rice cultivars, i.e. susceptible IR64 (Oryza sativa indica), and partially resistant Azucena (O. s. japonica). This RNA profiling provides a new original dataset that will enable us to gain greater insight into the RYMV/rice interaction and the specificity of the host response. Using the SIM4 subroutine, we took the intron/exon structure of the gene into account and mapped 281 RYMV stress responsive (RSR) transcripts on 12 rice chromosomes corresponding to 234 RSR genes. We also mapped previously identified deregulated proteins and genes involved in partial resistance and thus constructed the first global physical map of the RYMV/rice interaction. RSR transcripts on rice chromosomes 4 and 10 were found to be not randomly distributed. Seven genes were identified in the susceptible and partially resistant cultivars, and transcripts were colocalized for these seven genes in both cultivars. During virus infection, many concomitant plant gene expression changes may be associated with host changes caused by the infection process, general stress or defence responses. We noted that some genes (e.g. ABC transporters) were regulated throughout the kinetics of infection and differentiated susceptible and partially resistant hosts.ConclusionWe enhanced the first RYMV/rice interaction map by combining information from the present study and previous studies on proteins and ESTs regulated during RYMV infection, thus providing a more comprehensive view on genes related to plant responses. This combined map provides a new tool for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the RYMV/rice interaction.

Dataset Information

Osmotic Stress Leads to Significant Changes in Rice Root Metabolic Profiles between Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes.

Publications

Osmotic Stress Leads to Significant Changes in Rice Root Metabolic Profiles between Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes.

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