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Remnant-Preserving Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Remnant Envelope Technique.

ABSTRACT: The awareness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and their treatment is increasing among athletes and within the general population, so patients report early to orthopaedic surgeons. Because we encounter a thick ACL stump during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, an attempt is made to preserve this stump. Remnant preservation-although promising in terms of graft healing because it enhances cell proliferation, revascularization, and regeneration of the proprioceptive organs in the reconstructed ACL-does not come without complications, such as cyclops lesions, impingement, and extension loss. These problems can be detrimental to an athlete's return to his or her preinjury level after ACL reconstruction. Therefore, we describe a technique in which the ACL is reconstructed using hamstring autograft and suture passes are made through the remnant with an antegrade suture-passing device. After anatomic tunnel drilling, the remnant is tensioned, along with the reconstructed ACL, at the femoral end without the use of an extra implant. Femoral-side fixation is achieved with an adjustable-loop button (Procinch; Stryker) and a bio-composite interference screw (Biosure Regenesorb; Smith & Nephew) on the tibial end. As the sutured remnant is tensioned and knots are made over the button, the remnant envelopes the graft in the orientation of the native ACL, which can be helpful for early and better ligamentization of the graft. The potential advantages of this technique are as follows: orientation of the remnant along the collagen of the ACL graft; no loose ACL stump in the notch, thus preventing cyclops lesions; retention of the proprioceptive organs in the ligament; and no extra implant.

SUBMITTER: Singh I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7695627 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThis meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the ACL remnant preservation technique versus the standard technique.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through December 24, 2017, to identify randomized controlled studies that compared the use of the ACL remnant preservation technique versus the standard technique for primary ACL reconstruction. Statistical heterogeneity among the trials was evaluated with chi-square and I-square tests. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify potential differences according to type of ACL remnant tissue (remnant bundle or remnant fibers).ResultsSeven studies with a combined 412 patients (208 in the remnant preservation technique group and 204 in the standard technique group) were included in the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference between the groups in Lysholm score (mean difference (MD), 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-3.45; P?=?0.0006) and side-to-side difference (MD, -?0.71; 95% CI, -?0.87 to -?0.55; P?<?0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups in subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, complications, pivot shift test, Lachman test, or overall IKDC score. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that for primary ACL reconstruction with preservation of remnant fibers, the remnant preservation technique was superior to the standard technique based on Lysholm scores (P?<?0.01) and side-to-side difference (P?<?0.01).ConclusionsBased on the current literature, using the remnant preservation technique showed a better clinical outcome than using the standard technique for patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with respect to Lysholm score and side-to-side difference. However, it remains unclear that there is a definite advantage to use the remnant preservation technique compared with the standard technique.

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Remnant-Preserving Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Remnant Envelope Technique.

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