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Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes.

ABSTRACT: Weak evidence exists on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and diet quality. Many researchers claim that this could be in part because of inadequate validation of the questionnaires used. The aim of this study was to develop a compact reliable questionnaire on nutrition knowledge for young and adult athletes (NUKYA). Researchers and the sport clubs medical staff developed the questionnaire by taking into consideration the latest athlete dietary guidelines. The questionnaire content was validated by a panel of 12 nutrition experts, and finally tested by 445 participants including athletes (n = 264), nutrition students (n = 49) and non-athletes with no formal nutrition knowledge (n = 132). After consulting the experts, 59 of the 64 initial items remained in the questionnaire. To collect the evaluation of experts, we used the content validity index, obtaining high indices for relevance and ambiguity (0.99) as well as for clarity and simplicity (0.98). The final questionnaire included 24 questions with 59 items. We ensured construct validity and reliability through psychometric validation based on the Classical Test Theory and the Item-Response Theory (Rasch model). We found significant statistical differences comparing the groups of nutrition knowledgeable participants with the rest of the groups (ANOVA p < 0.001). We verified the questionnaire for test-retest reliability (R = 0.895, p < 0.001) and internal consistency (Cronbach's ?=0.849). We successfully fit the questionnaire data to a rating scale model (global separation reliability of 0.861) and examined discrimination and difficulty indices for items. Finally, we validated the NUKYA questionnaire as an effective tool to appraise nutrition knowledge in athletes. This questionnaire can be used for guiding in educational interventions, studying the influence of nutrition knowledge on nutrient intake and assessing/monitoring sport nutritional knowledge in large groups.

SUBMITTER: Vazquez-Espino K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7699674 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes.

Vázquez-Espino Karla K Fernández-Tena Carles C Lizarraga-Dallo Maria Antonia MA Farran-Codina Andreu A

Nutrients 20201120 11

Weak evidence exists on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and diet quality. Many researchers claim that this could be in part because of inadequate validation of the questionnaires used. The aim of this study was to develop a compact reliable questionnaire on nutrition knowledge for young and adult athletes (NUKYA). Researchers and the sport clubs medical staff developed the questionnaire by taking into consideration the latest athlete dietary guidelines. The questionnaire content w ...[more]

PMID: 33233681

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Project description:BackgroundThe Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) is an 89-item, valid and reliable measure of sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). It takes 25 min to complete and has been subject to low completion and response rates. The aim of this study was to develop an abridged version of the NSKQ (A-NSKQ) and compare response rates, completion rates and NK scores of the NSKQ and A-NSKQ.MethodsRasch analysis was used for the questionnaire validation. The sample (n?=?181) was the same sample that was used in the validation of the full-length NSKQ. Construct validity was assessed using the known-group comparisons method. Temporal stability was assessed using the test-retest reliability method. NK assessment was cross-sectional; responses were collected electronically from members of one non-elite Australian football (AF) and netball club, using Qualtrics Software (Qualtrics, Provo, UT).ResultsValidation - The A-NSKQ has 37 items that assess general (n?=?17) and sports (n?=?20) nutrition knowledge (NK). Both sections are unidimensional (Perc5%?=?2.84% [general] and 3.41% [sport]). Both sections fit the Rasch Model (overall-interaction statistic mean (SD)?=?-?0.15?±?0.96 [general] and 0.22?±?1.11 [sport]; overall-person interaction statistic mean (SD)?=?-?0.11?±?0.61 [general] and 0.08?±?0.73 [sport]; Chi-Square probability?=?0.308 [general] and 0.283 [sport]). Test-retest reliability was confirmed (r?=?0.8, P?<?0.001 [general] and r?=?0.7, P?<?0.001 [sport]). Construct validity was demonstrated (nutrition students?=?77% versus non-nutrition students?=?60%, P?<?0.001 [general] and nutrition students?=?60% versus non-nutrition students?=?40%, P?<?0.001 [sport]. Assessment of NK - 177 usable survey responses from were returned. Response rates were low (7%) but completion rates were high (85%). NK scores on the A-NSKQ (46%) are comparable to results obtained in similar cohorts on the NSKQ (49%). The A-NSKQ took on average 12 min to complete, which is around half the time taken to complete the NSKQ (25 min).ConclusionsThe A-NSKQ is a valid and reliable, brief questionnaire designed to assess general NK (GNK) and SNK.

Project description:BackgroundAppropriate dietary intake can have a significant influence on athletic performance. There is a growing consensus on sports nutrition and professionals working with athletes often provide dietary education. However, due to the limitations of existing sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires, previous reports of athletes' nutrition knowledge may be inaccurate.MethodsAn updated questionnaire has been developed based on a recent review of sports nutrition guidelines. The tool has been validated using a robust methodology that incorporates relevant techniques from classical test theory (CTT) and Item response theory (IRT), namely, Rasch analysis.ResultsThe final questionnaire has 89 questions and six sub-sections (weight management, macronutrients, micronutrients, sports nutrition, supplements, and alcohol). The content and face validity of the tool have been confirmed based on feedback from expert sports dietitians and university sports students, respectively. The internal reliability of the questionnaire as a whole is high (KR = 0.88), and most sub-sections achieved an acceptable internal reliability. Construct validity has been confirmed, with an independent T-test revealing a significant (p < 0.001) difference in knowledge scores of nutrition (64 ± 16%) and non-nutrition students (51 ± 19%). Test-retest reliability has been assured, with a strong correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) between individuals' scores on two attempts of the test, 10 days to 2 weeks apart. Three of the sub-sections fit the Rasch Unidimensional Model.ConclusionsThe final version of the questionnaire represents a significant improvement over previous tools. Each nutrition sub-section is unidimensional, and therefore researchers and practitioners can use these individually, as required. Use of the questionnaire will allow researchers to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of nutrition education programs, and differences in knowledge across athletes of varying ages, genders, and athletic calibres.

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Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes.

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Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes.

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