Dataset Information

Phytate degradation, myo-inositol release, and utilization of phosphorus and calcium by two strains of laying hens in five production periods.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare 2 laying hen strains in 5 production periods regarding phytase activity, phytate (InsP₆) degradation, and myo-inositol (MI) release in the digestive tract and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) utilization. One offspring of 10 nonrelated roosters per strain (Lohmann Brown-classic (LB) or Lohmann LSL-classic (LSL)) was placed in one of 20 metabolic units in a completely randomized block design in week 8, 14, 22, 28, and 58 of life. All hens were fed the same corn and soybean meal-based diet at one time, but the diet composition was adjusted to the requirements in the respective period. For 4 consecutive days, excreta were collected quantitatively at 24-hour intervals. In week 10, 16, 24, 30, and 60, the blood plasma, digesta of crop, gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and ceca, and mucosa of the jejunum was collected. The concentration of inorganic P in the blood plasma was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.026). Plasma Ca concentrations increased with each period (P < 0.001) in both strains. In jejunum digesta, the MI concentration did not differ between strains, but InsP₆ concentration was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.002) and the highest in week 30 and 60. Total phosphatase and phytase activities were higher in LB than in LSL hens (P ? 0.009). Period effects were also significant for these enzymes. Concentrations of some constituents of the cecal content were different between the strains. The MI concentration in the egg albumen and yolk was higher in LB than in LSL hens. Differences in InsP₆- and MI-related metabolism of the 2 hen strains existed. These differences were partly dependent of the period. Especially, week 24 was a period of remarkable change of metabolism. Great differences also existed among individuals, making it worth to have a closer look at the metabolism of individuals in addition to evaluating treatment means. Further studies on metabolic, genetic, and microbiome level may help explain these differences.

SUBMITTER: Sommerfeld V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7704748 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Phytate degradation, myo-inositol release, and utilization of phosphorus and calcium by two strains of laying hens in five production periods.

Sommerfeld Vera V Huber Korinna K Bennewitz Jörn J Camarinha-Silva Amélia A Hasselmann Martin M Ponsuksili Siriluck S Seifert Jana J Stefanski Volker V Wimmers Klaus K Rodehutscord Markus M

Poultry science 20200915 12

The objective of this study was to compare 2 laying hen strains in 5 production periods regarding phytase activity, phytate (InsP<sub>6</sub>) degradation, and myo-inositol (MI) release in the digestive tract and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) utilization. One offspring of 10 nonrelated roosters per strain (Lohmann Brown-classic (LB) or Lohmann LSL-classic (LSL)) was placed in one of 20 metabolic units in a completely randomized block design in week 8, 14, 22, 28, and 58 of life. All hens were ...[more]

PMID: 33248595

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Project description:Phytate forms insoluble precipitates with various cations that are recalcitrant to digestion in poultry. Dietary supplementation with exogenous phytase has been shown to improve phytate solubility and digestibility and, in turn, improve animal growth performance. Although the kinetics of phytate hydrolysis by exogenous phytase are well described in vitro, the progression of the reaction in vivo is still not well defined. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to monitor the kinetic variation of myo-inositol (myo-Ins) levels in both circulation and feather following exogenous phytase supplementation. In experiment 1, 4 week-old male broilers were individually housed with ad libitum access to water and a standard commercial diet. Birds were maintained under environmental temperature of 24°C and 30% RH. Birds were cannulated in the cutaneous ulnar vein on the right wing and remained untouched for 3 days. On the day of the experiment, birds were randomly divided into three body weight-matched groups and fed either the control diet, the control diet-supplemented with myo-Ins or Ronozyme HiPhos (0.06%, DSM Nutritional Products, Switzerland) for 10 h. In the experiment 2, birds were fed only HiPhos for 30 h. Growing feathers and blood were collected at baseline and then every 2 h for 10 h (experiment 1) and 30 h (experiment 2) post-prandially. Plasma and feather myo-Ins levels were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The relative expression of inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase (INPP1), inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1-3 (IP6K1-3), inositol-3-phosphate synthase (ISYNA), and multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (MNPP1) genes in blood and feathers was determined by real-time qPCR using 2-??Ct method. Plasma and feather myo-Ins levels were significantly increased by HiPhos at 6 h to 8 h post-prandial. The mRNA abundances of INPP1, IP6K1, and ISYNA in the circulation were significantly down regulated at all periods compared to the baseline levels. IP6K2, IP6K3, and MINPP1 gene expression, however, was up regulated at 8 h post-prandial and then returned to the baseline levels. In feathers, the expression of INPP1 was induced at 8 h post-prandial and remained higher compared to the baseline. The expression of IP6K2, IP6K3, and MINPP1 was down regulated during the first 10 h and then returned to baseline levels for the rest of the post-prandial period. Taken together, our data show that phytase modulates the expression of genes associated with myo-Ins metabolism and generates release of myo-Ins in both circulation and feather at 6-10 h post-feeding. Feather myo-Ins concentration could be used as a non-invasive method to monitor phytate hydrolysis in practice.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Phytic acid (InsP6) is considered as the major source of phosphorus and inositol phosphates in cereal grains. Reduction of phytic acid level in cereal grains is desirable in view of its antinutrient properties to maximize mineral bioavailability and minimize the load of phosphorus waste management. We report here RNAi mediated seed-specific silencing of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) gene catalyzing the first step of phytic acid biosynthesis in rice. Moreover, we also studied the possible implications of MIPS silencing on myo-inositol and related metabolism, since, first step of phytic acid biosynthesis is also the rate limiting step of myo-inositol synthesis, catalyzed by MIPS. RESULTS:The resulting transgenic rice plants (T3) showed a 4.59 fold down regulation in MIPS gene expression, which corresponds to a significant decrease in phytate levels and a simultaneous increment in the amount of inorganic phosphate in the seeds. A diminution in the myo-inositol content of transgenic plants was also observed due to disruption of the first step of phytic acid biosynthetic pathway, which further reduced the level of ascorbate and altered abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of the transgenic plants. In addition, our results shows that in the transgenic plants, the lower phytate levels has led to an increment of divalent cations, of which a 1.6 fold increase in the iron concentration in milled rice seeds was noteworthy. This increase could be attributed to reduced chelation of divalent metal (iron) cations, which may correlate to higher iron bioavailability in the endosperm of rice grains. CONCLUSION:The present study evidently suggests that seed-specific silencing of MIPS in transgenic rice plants can yield substantial reduction in levels of phytic acid along with an increase in inorganic phosphate content. However, it was also demonstrated that the low phytate seeds had an undesirable diminution in levels of myo-inositol and ascorbate, which probably led to sensitiveness of seeds to abscisic acid during germination. Therefore, it is suggested that though MIPS is the prime target for generation of low phytate transgenic plants, down-regulation of MIPS can have detrimental effect on myo-inositol synthesis and related pathways which are involved in key plant metabolism.

Project description:BACKGROUND: myo-Inositol (Ins) metabolism during early stages of seed development plays an important role in determining the distributional relationships of some seed storage components such as the antinutritional factors, sucrose galactosides (also known as raffinose oligosaccharides) and phytic acid (PhA) (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate). The former is a group of oligosaccharides, which plays a role in desiccation at seed maturation. They are not easily digested by monogastric animals, hence their flatulence-causing properties. Phytic acid is highly negatively charged, which chelates positive ions of essential minerals and decreases their bioavailability. It is also a major cause of phosphate-related water pollution. Our aim was to investigate the influence of competitive diversion of Ins as common substrate on the biosynthesis of phytate and sucrose galactosides. RESULTS: We have studied the initial metabolic patterns of Ins in developing seeds of Brassica napus and determined that early stages of seed development are marked by rapid deployment of Ins into a variety of pathways, dominated by interconversion of polar (Ins phosphates) and non-polar (phospholipids) species. In a time course experiment at early stages of seed development, we show Ins to be a highly significant constituent of the endosperm and seed coat, but with no phytate biosynthesis occurring in either tissue. Phytate accumulation appears to be confined mainly within the embryo throughout seed development and maturation. In our approach, the gene for myo-inositol methyltransferase (IMT), isolated from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant), was transferred to B. napus under the control of the seed-specific promoters, napin and phaseolin. Introduction of this new metabolic step during seed development prompted Ins conversion to the corresponding monomethyl ether, ononitol, and affected phytate accumulation. We were able to produce homozygous transgenic lines with 19%-35% average phytate reduction. Additionally, changes in the raffinose content and related sugars occurred along with enhanced sucrose levels. Germination rates, viability and other seed parameters were unaffected by the IMT transgene over-expression. CONCLUSIONS: Competitive methylation of Ins during seed development reduces seed antinutritional components and enhances its nutritional characteristics while maintaining adequate phosphate reserves. Such approach should potentially raise the canola market value and likely, that of other crops.

Project description:Body phosphorus homeostasis network allows laying hens to adapt to wide range of changes in dietary phosphorus levels. Phytase hydrolyzes phytate rendering phosphorus and reduces the laying hens' requirements for inorganic phosphate rock. Here, we demonstrate that there is no need to keep large safety margins in dietary phosphorus when hens are fed with phytase. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 504) were randomly assigned to 7 treatments (6 replicates of 12 birds). A corn-soybean meal-based diet, with no inorganic phosphate rock, was formulated to contain 0.12% nonphytate phosphorus (nPP), 3.8% calcium, and 2,000 FTU/kg phytase. Inorganic phosphate rock (di-calcium phosphate) was supplemented into the basal diet to create 6 other diets containing 0.17, 0.22, 0.27, 0.32, 0.37, and 0.42% nPP. Levels of calcium carbonate and zeolite powder were adjusted to make sure all the 7 experimental diets contained the same nutrition levels (including calcium and phytase) except nPP. The diets were subjected to laying hens from 29 to 40 wk of age. As a result, when supplemented with 2,000 FTU/kg phytase, extra supplementation of inorganic phosphate rock had no effects (P > 0.05) on serum phosphorus levels, serum calcium levels, laying performance (laying rate, egg weight, feed intake, feed-to-egg ratio, and unqualified egg rate), egg quality (shell thickness, shell strength, albumen height, yolk color, and Haugh unit), and tibia quality parameters (breaking strength and ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents). Extra supplementation of inorganic phosphate rock linearly increased (P < 0.01) fecal phosphorus excretion and linearly decreased (P = 0.032) the apparent metabolizability of dietary phosphorus. While serum hormones and intestine gene expressions were varied within treatments, no consistent changes were found. In conclusion, the supplementation of inorganic phosphate rock (provided 0.05-0.30% extra nPP) to phytase-containing basal diets (2,000 FTU/kg; nPP = 0.12%) provided limited benefits to egg production performance in laying hens from 29 to 40 wk of age. Further investigating the body phosphorus homeostasis would help to understand the nutritional and physiological reasonability of formulating low-phosphorus diets in the laying hen industry.

Dataset Information

Phytate degradation, myo-inositol release, and utilization of phosphorus and calcium by two strains of laying hens in five production periods.

Publications

Phytate degradation, myo-inositol release, and utilization of phosphorus and calcium by two strains of laying hens in five production periods.

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