Intergenerational associations in onset of cannabis use during adolescence: A data synthesis approach.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tiberio SS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7704941 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Parental cannabis use disorder (CUD) and low positive parenting (monitoring, support, and consistency) are risk factors for adolescent cannabis use. However, it is unclear whether parental cannabis use without CUD is sufficient to increase risk for low positive parenting and adolescent cannabis use. Additionally, parents may not treat each of their adolescents the same, and risk for adolescent cannabis use may increase as a result of low levels of positive parenting in families or low positive parenting unique to each adolescent. The current study prospectively tested low positive parenting as a mediator of the relation between parental cannabis use history (with parental cannabis use and CUD considered separately) and adolescent cannabis use at the family level and individual level. Participants were 363 adolescents from a multigenerational longitudinal study who reported on positive parenting when they were ages 9-16 (M = 11.6, SD = 1.40) and on cannabis use when they were ages 13-19 (M = 16.3, SD = 1.84). Parents reported on their own cannabis use and CUD. Results showed that parental CUD was associated with adolescent cannabis use (OR = 3.62, p = .047) but parental cannabis use without CUD was not, and only parental CUD predicted low positive parenting (B = -0.28, p < .05). Average levels of low positive parenting within a family partially mediated the association between parental CUD and offspring cannabis use. These findings suggest parental cannabis use alone may not impair parenting, but parental use that meets criteria for CUD does impair parenting. Additionally, average levels of positive parenting in families may be a mechanism underlying the intergenerational transmission of cannabis use. (PsycINFO Database Record
| S-EPMC5805616 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceAnimal studies have shown that the adolescent brain is sensitive to disruptions in endocannabinoid signaling, resulting in altered neurodevelopment and lasting behavioral effects. However, few studies have investigated ties between cannabis use and adolescent brain development in humans.ObjectiveTo examine the degree to which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-assessed cerebral cortical thickness development is associated with cannabis use in a longitudinal sample of adolescents.Design, setting, and participantsData were obtained from the community-based IMAGEN cohort study, conducted across 8 European sites. Baseline data used in the present study were acquired from March 1, 2008, to December 31, 2011, and follow-up data were acquired from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016. A total of 799 IMAGEN participants were identified who reported being cannabis naive at study baseline and had behavioral and neuroimaging data available at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed from October 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020.Main outcomes and measuresCannabis use was assessed at baseline and 5-year follow-up with the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Anatomical MR images were acquired with a 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetization prepared gradient echo sequence. Quality-controlled native MR images were processed through the CIVET pipeline, version 2.1.0.ResultsThe study evaluated 1598 MR images from 799 participants (450 female participants [56.3%]; mean [SD] age, 14.4 [0.4] years at baseline and 19.0 [0.7] years at follow-up). At 5-year follow-up, cannabis use (from 0 to >40 uses) was negatively associated with thickness in left prefrontal (peak: t785 = -4.87, cluster size = 1558 vertices; P = 1.10 × 10-6, random field theory cluster corrected) and right prefrontal (peak: t785 = -4.27, cluster size = 1551 vertices; P = 2.81 × 10-5, random field theory cluster corrected) cortices. There were no significant associations between lifetime cannabis use at 5-year follow-up and baseline cortical thickness, suggesting that the observed neuroanatomical differences did not precede initiation of cannabis use. Longitudinal analysis revealed that age-related cortical thinning was qualified by cannabis use in a dose-dependent fashion such that greater use, from baseline to follow-up, was associated with increased thinning in left prefrontal (peak: t815.27 = -4.24, cluster size = 3643 vertices; P = 2.28 × 10-8, random field theory cluster corrected) and right prefrontal (peak: t813.30 = -4.71, cluster size = 2675 vertices; P = 3.72 × 10-8, random field theory cluster corrected) cortices. The spatial pattern of cannabis-related thinning was associated with age-related thinning in this sample (r = 0.540; P < .001), and a positron emission tomography-assessed cannabinoid 1 receptor-binding map derived from a separate sample of participants (r = -0.189; P < .001). Analysis revealed that thinning in right prefrontal cortices, from baseline to follow-up, was associated with attentional impulsiveness at follow-up.Conclusions and relevanceResults suggest that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with altered neurodevelopment, particularly in cortices rich in cannabinoid 1 receptors and undergoing the greatest age-related thickness change in middle to late adolescence.
| S-EPMC8209561 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study examined longitudinal associations of sleep problems with alcohol and cannabis use across six annual waves of data from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Participants were 3,265 youth from California (ages 16-22 across waves). At each wave, past-month alcohol use and cannabis use, mental health, and several dimensions of sleep health (i.e. social jetlag, bedtimes, time in bed, trouble sleeping) were assessed via questionnaire. Parallel process latent growth models examined the association between sleep and alcohol or cannabis use trajectories and the role of mental health in contributing to such trajectories. Smaller declines in social jetlag (r = 0.11, p = 0.04), increases in trouble sleeping (r = 0.18, p < 0.01), and later weekday (r = 0.16, p < 0.01) and weekend bedtimes (r = 0.25, p < 0.01) were associated with increases in likelihood of alcohol use over time. Declines in weekend TIB (r = -0.13, p = 0.03), as well as increases in weekday TIB (r = 0.11, p = 0.04) and later weekday (r = 0.18, p < 0.01) and weekend bedtime (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), were associated with increases in likelihood of cannabis use over time. Most associations remained significant after controlling for time-varying mental health symptoms. Trajectories of sleep health were associated with trajectories of alcohol and cannabis use during late adolescence to emerging adulthood. Improving sleep is an important target for intervention efforts to reduce the risk of substance use during this critical developmental transition.
| S-EPMC8561242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To date, research investigating the association between adolescent marijuana use and anxiety is mixed, given differences in how anxiety is measured and the age ranges studied. The research is further limited as many relevant studies have small sample sizes. This investigation examines the association between marijuana use (use in the past 30?days) and anxious mood lability (rapid fluctuation in emotional states) during early adolescence (average age 14.4, spring of 8th grade) through midadolescence (10th grade). METHODS:Participating adolescents (N?=?466; 52.8% female) were from rural and suburban communities and 38% were Hispanic/Latino. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to measure adolescents' anxious mood in real time; the EMAs were collected within 30?days of the adolescent report of their marijuana use. RESULTS:Multilevel models with measurement waves (7 time points) nested in individuals showed that anxious mood lability was significantly higher for adolescents reporting recent marijuana use compared to those reporting no recent marijuana use. Although females were higher than males in anxious mood lability, the association between anxious mood lability and recent marijuana use did not differ by gender. Post hoc analysis showed that the associations between anxious mood lability and recent marijuana use did not differ between assessments conducted pre and post legalization of adult recreational marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS:The association between recent marijuana use and anxious mood lability for youth is important for understanding the developmental processes of cannabis use and anxious mood disorders in adolescence and young adulthood.
| S-EPMC6499634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHistorically, cannabis researchers have assumed a single mode and product of cannabis (e.g., smoking plant). However, patterns of use, products (e.g., concentrates, edibles), and modes (e.g. blunts, vaporizers) are diversifying. This study sought to: 1) classify cannabis users into groups based on their use of the full range of cannabis products, and 2) examine user group differences on demographics, cannabis consequences and cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptomatology.MethodsIn a sample of college students (data collected in Fall 2017), who used cannabis in the past year (N = 1390), latent class analysis (LCA) was used to characterize cannabis users. We then added demographic characteristics, cannabis consequences, and CUD symptomatology scores separately to LCA models to examine class differences.ResultsFive unique classes emerged: high-frequency all-product users, high-frequency plant/moderate-frequency edible and concentrate users, low-frequency plant users, moderate-frequency plant and edible users, and low-frequency edible users. Demographic characteristics, cannabis consequences, and CUD symptomatology differed across classes characterized by frequency as well as product.ConclusionsResults reflect the increasing variety of cannabis products, modes, and use patterns among college students. In this sample, frequency of use remains a strong predictor of cannabis-related consequences, in addition to type of product. As variation in cannabis use patterns continue to evolve, it is essential for researchers to conduct comprehensive assessments.
| S-EPMC7104573 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Major neurocognitive changes occur during adolescence, making this phase one of the most critical developmental periods of life. Furthermore, this phase in life is also the time in which youth substance use begins. Several studies have demonstrated the differential associations of alcohol and cannabis use concerning the neurocognitive functioning of both males and females. Past and contemporary literature on gender-specific effects in neuroscience of addiction is predominantly based on cross-sectional datasets and data that is limited in terms of measurement variability. Given the importance of gender-specific effects in addiction studies, and in order to address the two above-mentioned gaps in the literature, the present study aimed to compare neurocognitive functioning of male and female adolescents in the context of cannabis and alcohol use, while employing a longitudinal design with multiple repeated measurements. Participants were 3,826 high school students (47% female; mean age, 12.7), who were recruited from 31 high schools in the greater Montreal area. Participants were requested to complete annual surveys for five consecutive years, from 7th to 11th grade, assessing their alcohol/cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning (working memory, delayed recall memory, perceptual reasoning, and inhibition control). The analytical strategy focused on the longitudinal association between each predictor (female, male) and each of the outcomes (domains of neurocognitive functioning). Multilevel linear models assessed the association of alcohol and cannabis consumption and the four domains of neurocognitive functioning. Results revealed a gender by within-subject interaction, suggesting a weaker effect of yearly fluctuation of cannabis use on working memory among males compared to females. Our findings suggest a different pattern of neurocognitive impairment of female and male working memory after using cannabis over the course of adolescence. Early initiation of cannabis use potentially results in more spatial working memory deficits in female adolescents. This may negatively influence young females' capacity in academic settings and lead to significant impairment in adulthood, which critically decreases the individual's quality of life.
| S-EPMC7154290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCannabis is obtained from a variety retail and illicit sources, with unknown implications for youth cannabis use. This study assessed whether source of obtaining cannabis was associated with future cannabis use among adolescents.MethodsHigh-schoolers (N = 835) completed 3 semiannual surveys, reporting use of 7 cannabis sources (i.e., free, bought from someone, from an online dispensary, with a [valid/invalid] medical card, self-grown, or other; separate dichotomous exposure variables) at wave 1 (n = 621; M[SD] age=17.14[.40]) or wave 2 (n = 622; M[SD] age=17.51[.39]). Past-6-month (yes/no) and number of past-30-day (0-30) non-medical use of any cannabis product, combustible, edible, and vaporized cannabis, blunts, and concentrates (i.e., dabs) were reported at waves 2-3. Random-effect time-lagged repeated-measures regression was used to test longitudinal associations of youth's cannabis source (waves 1-2; time-varying exposure) with cannabis use outcomes 6 months later (waves 2-3).ResultsMost youth (72.1%) received cannabis for free; 50.9% bought cannabis from someone, 15.9% used a valid medical card at a brick-and-mortar dispensary, and 3.9% grew cannabis. Buying cannabis from someone (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-1.99, p = .02) or using a valid medical card (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.20-3.31, p = .008) conferred greater odds of any cannabis product use 6 months later. Buying from someone predicted subsequent past-30-day use frequency (RR=1.25, 95% CI:1.05-1.48, p = .01). Some associations between particular cannabis sources and products were observed.ConclusionsAdolescents may access cannabis from several sources. Those who purchase cannabis illicitly from someone or from a brick-and-mortar dispensary using a valid medical card may be at increased risk for more persistent and frequent patterns of non-medical cannabis use.
| S-EPMC8999876 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveA rapid review was conducted in order to produce a streamlined and time-limited systematic evidence review to understand women's perceptions, beliefs, and knowledge of the risks associated with cannabis use during pregnancy.MethodsMEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, EMBASE, PsycINFO (OVID interface), and CINAHL (Ebsco interface) databases were searched from inception to March 2019. Qualitative and descriptive studies, and reviews that addressed pregnant women's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes about personal cannabis use were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using valid tools and data extraction was guided by suitable checklists. Full text of 18 citations was retrieved and reviewed, and 5 studies met the inclusion criteria.SynthesisWomen who continued to use cannabis during pregnancy often perceived less risk compared with nonusers. Their uncertainty regarding adverse consequences, perceived therapeutic effects, and lack of communication with health care providers contributed to cannabis use. Women perceived this lack of counselling as an indication that outcomes of cannabis use while pregnant were not significant.ConclusionThis synthesis highlights important factors in women's decision-making processes regarding use or cessation of cannabis during pregnancy. In addition, the importance of health care providers providing information, education, and appropriate counselling to childbearing women is highlighted as these conversations may influence women's perceptions of risk and help them make informed choices.
| S-EPMC7851303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRecent well-powered genome-wide association studies have enhanced prediction of substance use outcomes via polygenic scores (PGSs). Here, we test (1) whether these scores contribute to prediction over-and-above family history, (2) the extent to which PGS prediction reflects inherited genetic variation v. demography (population stratification and assortative mating) and indirect genetic effects of parents (genetic nurture), and (3) whether PGS prediction is mediated by behavioral disinhibition prior to substance use onset.MethodsPGSs for alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use/use disorder were calculated for Minnesota Twin Family Study participants (N = 2483, 1565 monozygotic/918 dizygotic). Twins' parents were assessed for histories of substance use disorder. Twins were assessed for behavioral disinhibition at age 11 and substance use from ages 14 to 24. PGS prediction of substance use was examined using linear mixed-effects, within-twin pair, and structural equation models.ResultsNearly all PGS measures were associated with multiple types of substance use independently of family history. However, most within-pair PGS prediction estimates were substantially smaller than the corresponding between-pair estimates, suggesting that prediction is driven in part by demography and indirect genetic effects of parents. Path analyses indicated the effects of both PGSs and family history on substance use were mediated via disinhibition in preadolescence.ConclusionsPGSs capturing risk of substance use and use disorder can be combined with family history measures to augment prediction of substance use outcomes. Results highlight indirect sources of genetic associations and preadolescent elevations in behavioral disinhibition as two routes through which these scores may relate to substance use.
| S-EPMC10123833 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective:Recently, use of alternative tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and hookah (water-pipe tobacco), has increased among adolescents. It is unknown whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with initiation of alternative tobacco product use. Methods:Ninth grade high school students who never used any tobacco product at baseline (N?=?1,921) participated in a longitudinal survey from 2014 to 2015. Overall symptomatology and inattention (IN) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) ADHD subtypes were assessed at baseline. Past 6-month e-cigarette, hookah, and combustible cigarette use (yes/no) were reported at three semi-annual follow-ups. Repeated measures logistic regression models assessed the association of baseline ADHD symptoms with likelihood of tobacco product initiation across follow-ups. Results:For ADHD main effect estimates, unadjusted odds of reporting e-cigarette, hookah, and combustible cigarette use pooled across follow-up time points were 45%, 33%, and 37% greater, respectively, with each increase in one SD-unit of baseline ADHD symptoms in baseline never-users of tobacco products. ADHD was not associated with hookah or combustible cigarette use after adjusting for other risk factors. After adjustment, e-cigarette use initiation remained associated with overall ADHD (odds ratio, OR [95%confidence interval, 95% CI]?=?1.22 [1.04, 1.42]) and HI (OR [95% CI]?=?1.26 [1.09, 1.47]) symptoms, but not IN symptoms (OR [95% CI]?=?1.13 [0.97, 1.32]). ADHD?×?Time interactions were not significant, suggesting ADHD increased odds of e-cigarette use initiation but did not alter the shape of use trajectory across follow-up among initiators. Conclusions:Understanding the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the pathway from ADHD to e-cigarette use may advance tobacco product use etiologic theory and prevention practice in the current era in which e-cigarette use is popular among youth.
| S-EPMC6005031 | biostudies-literature