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Occlusal Fissures in Equine Cheek Teeth: A Prospective Longitudinal in vivo Study.

ABSTRACT: Background: It has been suggested that fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth may develop into crown fractures. Objectives: To examine the evolution of fissures present on the occlusal surface of cheek teeth. Furthermore, to investigate the presence of a fissure as a risk factor for the development of a subsequent crown fracture. Study Design: Observational longitudinal study. Methods: Bi-annual dental examinations were performed on 36 horses for 3 years. Video-recordings were made to evaluate the evolution of detected fissures. The effect of possible predictors on the development of tooth fractures was investigated by regression analysis. Results: The evolution of 785 fissures (467 type 1a, 271 type 1b, 47 type 2) was recorded. Fissure characteristics were observed to remain unchanged, disappear, become longer, shorter, change in configuration or change in color. Partial crown fractures (22 maxillary, 50 mandibular) were recorded in 52 cheek teeth in 22/36 horses. Fifty-nine of these fractures evolved from previously observed fissures (24 type 1a, 29 type 1b, 6 type 2). All fissure types proved to be a significant risk factor for the development of a crown fracture (p < 0.001), with the highest odds for type 2 fissures (OR = 14.27; 95% CI = 4.88-41.71). Other significant risk factors were the time of follow-up (p < 0.001), mandibular teeth (p < 0.001) and the lingual side of a tooth (p < 0.001). All fractures were non-complicated. Main Limitations: Some horses were prematurely lost for follow-up, which perhaps influenced the results. A longer follow-up period would have also allowed an evaluation of the risk for pulp disease on the long term subsequent to partial crown fractures. Conclusions: The presence of a fissure of any type, mandibular cheek teeth, the lingual side of cheek teeth, and time of follow-up proved to be significant risk factors for development of a cheek tooth crown fracture. Type 2 fissures showed the highest odds followed by type 1b fissures. The observed partial crown fractures demonstrated a low clinical impact whereby no tooth showed signs of development of endodontal disease.

SUBMITTER: Pollaris E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7705111 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Occlusal Fissures in Equine Cheek Teeth: A Prospective Longitudinal in vivo Study.

Pollaris Elke E Broeckx Bart J G BJG Vlaminck Lieven L

Frontiers in veterinary science 20201117

Background: It has been suggested that fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth may develop into crown fractures. Objectives: To examine the evolution of fissures present on the occlusal surface of cheek teeth. Furthermore, to investigate the presence of a fissure as a risk factor for the development of a subsequent crown fracture. Study Design: Observational longitudinal study. Methods: Bi-annual dental examinations were performed on 36 horses for 3 yea ...[more]

PMID: 33282936

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Project description:Background: Ex vivo fracture models are frequently used in human dentistry to provide insights in the fracture mechanisms of teeth. Equine cheek teeth fractures are an important dental pathology, but there has been no research performed to examine the fracture resistance ex vivo. Objective: To evaluate the fracture resistance of equine cheek teeth and identify anatomical predictors that might influence fracture resistance in healthy teeth. It was further evaluated if the presence of a fissure caused a decrease in fracture resistance. Study design: Ex vivo experimental design. Methods: Individual cheek teeth were subjected to a compression load in a universal testing machine until fracture occurred. Testing was performed in two study groups. A first group of healthy cheek teeth was tested to examine anatomical predictors on fracture resistance. A second group comprised cheek teeth with occlusal fissures and an equal number of age- and size-matched fissure-free teeth as controls. The effect of possible predictors on fracture resistance was investigated by regression analysis. Results: In the first group, fracture resistance was significantly influenced by the location on the tooth where testing was performed in both maxillary (p < 0.001) and mandibular teeth (p < 0.001). Additional significantly associated factors were Triadan number in mandibular (p = 0.009) and the mesiodistal length of the occlusal surface of maxillary teeth (p = 0.01). Experimentally induced crown fractures that extended below the simulated bone level were more frequently associated with pulp horn exposure (p < 0.001). In the second group, significant lower fracture loads were recorded in teeth with fissures (mandibular p = 0.006; maxillary p < 0.001), compared to fissure-free teeth. Main limitations: This ex vivo model does not imitate the in vivo masticatory forces and lacks the shock-absorbing properties of the periodontal ligament. Conclusions: The methodology used in this study provides an ex vivo experimental set-up to test fracture resistance of equine cheek teeth enabling evidence-based research to examine the potentially weakening effects of tooth pathology and its treatments. Crown resistance to fracture differed along the occlusal surface of healthy equine cheek teeth, and the presence of fissures further decreased fracture resistance.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The use of cadavers for radiology research methodologies involving subjective image quality evaluation of anatomical criteria is well-documented. The purpose of this method comparison study was to evaluate the image quality of dental and adjacent structures in computed tomography (CT) and high-field (3 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cadaveric heads, based on an objective four-point rating scale. Whilst CT is a well-established technique, MR imaging (MRI) is rarely used for equine dental diagnostics. The use of a grading system in this study allowed an objective assessment of CT and MRI advantages in portraying equine cheek teeth. As imaging is commonly performed with cadaveric or frozen and thawed heads for dental research investigations, the second objective was to quantify the impact of the specimens' conditions (in vivo, post-mortem, frozen-thawed) on the image quality in CT and MRI. RESULTS:The CT and MR images of nine horses, focused on the maxillary premolar 08s and molar 09s, were acquired post-mortem (Group A). Three observers scored the dental and adjacent tissues. Results showed that MR sequences gave an excellent depiction of endo- and periodontal structures, whereas CT produced high-quality images of the hard tooth and bony tissues. Additional CT and MRI was performed in vivo (Group B) and frozen-thawed (Group C) in three of these nine horses to specify the condition of the best specimens for further research. Assessing the impact of the specimens' conditions on image quality, specific soft tissues of the maxillary 08s and 09s including adjacent structures (pulps, mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, periodontal ligament, soft tissue inside the infraorbital canal) were graded in group B and C and analysed for significant differences within CT and MR modalities in comparison to group A. Results showed that MRI scores in vivo were superior to the post-mortem and frozen-thawed condition. CONCLUSIONS:On comparing the imaging performance of CT and MRI, both techniques show a huge potential for application in equine dentistry. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical suitability of MRI. For further research investigations it must be considered, that the best MR image quality is provided in live horses.

Project description:Whereas most of studies investigating relationship between oral health and atherosclerosis have focused on periodontitis, very few of them were examined about occlusal status of natural teeth which possibly influence dietary habit. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between the occlusal support of posterior teeth and the prevalence of atherosclerosis in community-dwelling septuagenarians. Also, the second aim was to test the hypothesis that the intake of key nutrients for atherosclerosis prevention would have a mediating effect on the relationship between the occlusal status and atherosclerosis. The study population included 468 community-dwelling dentate persons aged 69-71 years recruited from the local residential registration in Japan. Participants were divided into three groups, according to the number of occlusal support zones (OSZ) in the posterior area: Complete (four OSZ), Moderate (three or two OSZ), and Collapsed (one or no OSZ). Dietary intakes were assessed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Atherosclerosis was defined as carotid intima-media thickness ?1.10 mm by using carotid ultrasonography test. The logistic or linear regression model was used in multivariate analysis to assess relationship between occlusal status and atherosclerosis, and the mediating effect of key nutrients within the relationship. Multivariable analysis showed a significant association between occlusal status and atherosclerosis (odds ratio for Collapsed group to Complete group: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.45-2.41), independent of periodontal status (odds ratio: 2.01, 95%CI: 1.46-2.78). Fish and shellfish, vitamin B6 and n-3PUFAs were significantly related to both of occlusal status and atherosclerosis, and also was indicated a mediating effect on the association between occlusal status and atherosclerosis. This study implied that, within the limitation of the cross-sectional study design, the reduced posterior occlusion was related to the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis via the decline of key dietary intakes among Japanese community-dwelling dentate individuals.

Project description:BackgroundTooth decay is an infectious disease which, in its initial phase, leads to the formation of cavities in the teeth through decalcification of the enamel and local tissue destruction. In addition to proper oral hygiene, prophylactic sealing of fissures and cavities with a sealant is a method of preventing the development of caries. The aim of this study is to summarise the effectiveness of fissure sealing of permanent teeth with fissure sealants compared to other preventive methods or no intervention.MethodAn umbrella review was carried out to achieve the purpose of our study. Searches were performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via OVID), and Cochrane Library databases. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the AMSTAR2 tool. In addition, a manual search for recommendations/clinical practice guidelines on dental prophylaxis was performed.Results204 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of 3 systematic reviews, there was a statistically significant reduced odds of caries occurrence or development with prophylactic sealing of permanent teeth compared with no intervention - depending on the review and follow-up period odds ratio (OR) ranged from 0.06 [95%CI: (0.01-0.32)] to 0.28 [95%CI: (0.20-0.38)]. In the eight systematic reviews that analysed different sealants, there were no statistically significant differences between the types of materials used for prophylactic tooth sealing. For systematic reviews comparing the efficacy of fissure sealants with fluoride varnish, three reported no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of caries incidence, with only one systematic review based on 1 RCT finding a statistically significant difference in favour of fissure sealants.ConclusionCompared to the no intervention, dental sealing is an effective method for the prevention of dental caries. However, it is not possible to conclude conclusively which type of sealant and which of the available prophylactic methods is more effective in preventing caries.

Dataset Information

Occlusal Fissures in Equine Cheek Teeth: A Prospective Longitudinal in vivo Study.

Publications

Occlusal Fissures in Equine Cheek Teeth: A Prospective Longitudinal <i>in vivo</i> Study.

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