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High pressure synthesis of phosphine from the elements and the discovery of the missing (PH₃)₂H₂ tile.

ABSTRACT: High pressure reactivity of phosphorus and hydrogen is relevant to fundamental chemistry, energy conversion and storage, and materials science. Here we report the synthesis of (PH₃)₂H₂, a crystalline van der Waals (vdW) compound (I4cm) made of PH₃ and H₂ molecules, in a Diamond Anvil Cell by direct catalyst-free high pressure (1.2 GPa) and high temperature (T ? 1000 K) chemical reaction of black phosphorus and liquid hydrogen, followed by room T compression above 3.5 GPa. Group 15 elements were previously not known to form H₂-containing vdW compounds of their molecular hydrides. The observation of (PH₃)₂H₂, identified by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman), therefore represents the discovery of a previously missing tile, specifically corresponding to P for pnictogens, in the ability of non-metallic elements to form such compounds. Significant chemical implications encompass reactivity of the elements under extreme conditions, with the observation of the P analogue of the Haber-Bosch reaction for N, fundamental bond theory, and predicted high pressure superconductivity in P-H systems.

SUBMITTER: Ceppatelli M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7705733 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High pressure synthesis of phosphine from the elements and the discovery of the missing (PH3)2H2 tile.

Ceppatelli Matteo M Scelta Demetrio D Serrano-Ruiz Manuel M Dziubek Kamil K Garbarino Gaston G Jacobs Jeroen J Mezouar Mohamed M Bini Roberto R Peruzzini Maurizio M

Nature communications 20201130 1

High pressure reactivity of phosphorus and hydrogen is relevant to fundamental chemistry, energy conversion and storage, and materials science. Here we report the synthesis of (PH3)2H2, a crystalline van der Waals (vdW) compound (I4cm) made of PH3 and H2 molecules, in a Diamond Anvil Cell by direct catalyst-free high pressure (1.2 GPa) and high temperature (T ≲ 1000 K) chemical reaction of black phosphorus and liquid hydrogen, followed by ro ...[more]

PMID: 33257669

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Project description:Post-transcriptional gene regulation controls the amount of protein produced from an individual mRNA by altering rates of decay and translation. Many sequence elements that direct post-transcriptional regulation have been found; in mammals, most such elements are located within the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Comparative genomic studies demonstrate that mammalian 3'UTRs contain extensive conserved sequence tracts, yet only a small fraction corresponds to recognized elements, implying that many additional novel elements exist. Despite a variety of computational, molecular, and biochemical approaches, identifying functional 3'UTRs elements remains difficult.We created a high-throughput cell-based screen that enables identification of functional post-transcriptional 3'UTR regulatory elements. Our system exploits integrated single-copy reporters, which are expressed and processed as endogenous genes. We screened many thousands of short random sequences for their regulatory potential. Control sequences with known effects were captured effectively using our approach, establishing that our methodology was robust. We found hundreds of functional sequences, which we validated in traditional reporter assays, including verifying their regulatory impact in native sequence contexts. Although 3'UTRs are typically considered repressive, most of the functional elements were activating, including ones that were preferentially conserved. Additionally, we adapted our screening approach to examine the effect of elements on RNA abundance, revealing that most elements act by altering mRNA stability.We developed and used a high-throughput approach to discover hundreds of post-transcriptional cis-regulatory elements. These results imply that most human 3'UTRs contain many previously unrecognized cis-regulatory elements, many of which are activating, and that the post-transcriptional fate of an mRNA is largely due to the actions of many individual cis-regulatory elements within its 3'UTR.

Dataset Information

High pressure synthesis of phosphine from the elements and the discovery of the missing (PH₃)₂H₂ tile.

Publications

High pressure synthesis of phosphine from the elements and the discovery of the missing (PH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> tile.

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