Dataset Information

Influence of Ash-Soot Interactions on the Reactivity of Soot from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.

ABSTRACT: Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are being utilized in certain markets on gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles to reduce tailpipe particulate emissions as required by particle number regulations. GPF filtration efficiency is dependent on soot build-up within the filter. Since soot oxidizes within the GPF during normal vehicle operation, an understanding of soot reactivity is important for optimizing aftertreatment architecture and engine calibration. Past work has indicated that gasoline soot reactivity may depend on levels of metallic ash species. In this work, carbonaceous particulate matter from a GDI engine are evaluated from engine operation at a consistent speed and load but with different levels of fuel injection pressures and timings to vary the relative ash to soot ratio. Soot reactivity is found to vary significantly with the ratio of ash to soot present. Interestingly, the more reactive soots possess a unique oxidation profile by which a conventional Arrhenius type expression cannot be used to quantify reactivity. To understand the mechanisms driving such distinct oxidation differences, soot samples are analyzed after being partially oxidized. Particulate characteristics are evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM + EDS). A mechanism is proposed that may explain further why ash affects gasoline soot reactivity to the extent seen in this and other work.

SUBMITTER: Easter J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7707118 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of Ash-Soot Interactions on the Reactivity of Soot from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.

Easter Jordan J Bohac Stanislav S Hoard John J Boehman Andre A

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research 20200101 12

Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are being utilized in certain markets on gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles to reduce tailpipe particulate emissions as required by particle number regulations. GPF filtration efficiency is dependent on soot build-up within the filter. Since soot oxidizes within the GPF during normal vehicle operation, an understanding of soot reactivity is important for optimizing aftertreatment architecture and engine calibration. Past work has indicated that gasoline s ...[more]

PMID: 33268913

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Project description:This paper concerns the effect of unsaturation of hydrocarbons (single, double, and triple bonds) on soot particle characteristics (mass, number, and size) and on the carcinogenicity of soot particles. The soot particles were produced from oxygen-free pyrolysis of five hydrocarbons, namely: propane, propylene, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. The characteristics of soot particles were measured with the aid of a differential mobility spectrometer (Cambustion-DMS-500) and measurement of soot mass concentration was confirmed using gravimetric filter measurements. The soot particle carcinogenicity was estimated from the emission quantities of total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the toxicity equivalent factor (TEF) of each PAH. Oxygen-free pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon fuels was conducted in a laminar tube reactor within the temperature range of 1050 -1350oC at a constant nitrogen flow rate of 20 L/min and constant fuel flow rate of 1% (vol) on carbon-1 basis. The experimental results showed that increasing unsaturation of fuels from single to double and to triple bonds increased the mass concentration, particle size, number concentration, and carcinogenicity of soot particle notably at the initial temperature of 1050 oC. Increase in the pyrolysis temperature of the tube reactor from 1050 - 1350oC, increased the mass concentration and sizes of the soot particle while the number concentration and carcinogenicity of the soot particle decreased. There was a positive correlation between the soot particle number and the corresponding soot particle carcinogenicity, while a negative correlation was observed between the soot particle mass and size with soot particle carcinogenicity regardless of the pyrolysis temperature examined. The potential implication of these observations is that, low-temperature combustion (LTC) applications, aimed at reducing emissions of soot and NOx, could produce higher soot particle number concentration of higher carcinogenicity.

Dataset Information

Influence of Ash-Soot Interactions on the Reactivity of Soot from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.

Publications

Influence of Ash-Soot Interactions on the Reactivity of Soot from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.

Similar Datasets

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