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Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), a traditional Chinese medicine.

ABSTRACT: Ephedra sinica Stapf is a traditional Chinese medicine of Ephedraceae in China, which contains many chemicals, such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and proanthocyanidins. It shows significant activity in asthma, fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and also promotes diuresis and sweat.

SUBMITTER: Li P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7707388 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete chloroplast genome of Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J. R. Drumm., 1906 (Boraginaceae), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

Project description:Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J. R. Drumm., 1906 is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine from southwest China. To better determine its phylogenetic relatedness to other Boraginaceae species, the chloroplast (cp) genome of C. amabile was sequenced. The complete cp genome of C. amabile is 151,532 bp in length, containing a small single-copy (SSC) region with a length of 17,366 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region with a length of 82,902 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) regions each with a length of 25,632 bp. The overall GC content of the cp genome is 37.4%. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that Bothriospermum zeylanicum (J. Jacq.) Druce, 1917 was closely related to C. amabile.

| S-EPMC9815245 | biostudies-literature

Extract of Ephedra sinica Stapf Induces Browning of Mouse and Human White Adipocytes.

Project description:Browning of adipocytes using herbal extracts is an attractive and realistic strategy for obesity treatment. Ephedra sinica Stapf (E. sinica) is an Asian traditional medicine known to activate brown adipocytes. To evaluate the effect of E. sinica (EEs) on the browning of white adipocytes, expression levels of browning markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), were determined using qPCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry after mature mouse inguinal preadipocyte (mIPA) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were treated with EEs. In addition, mitochondrial activity was determined by analyzing MitoTracker staining, mtDNA copy number, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Treatment with EEs suppressed lipid accumulation and expression levels of adipogenic markers, including Pparg, during mIPA differentiation. In mature mIPA and hADSCs browning markers, including Ucp1, were up-regulated by EEs. In addition, EEs increased expression of mitochondrial genes, mtDNA copy number, and OCR. EEs showed a dual function: inhibiting adipogenesis in immature preadipocytes, and promoting thermogenesis via browning in mature white adipocytes. Therefore, E. sinica is a potential herb for regulating energy metabolism by inducing the browning process.

| S-EPMC8998140 | biostudies-literature

Development of novel EST-SSR markers for Ephedra sinica (Ephedraceae) by transcriptome database mining.

Project description:Premise of the studyEphedra sinica (Ephedraceae) is a gymnosperm shrub with a wide distribution across Central and Eastern Asia. It is widely cultivated as a medicinal plant, but its wild populations are monitored to determine whether protection is needed.Methods and resultsThirty-six microsatellite markers, including 11 polymorphic markers, were developed from E. distachya RNA-Seq data deposited in the National Center for Biotechology Information dbEST database. Among 100 genotyped E. sinica individuals originating from five different population groups, the allele number ranged from three to 22 per locus. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.866 (average 0.176) and 0 to 0.876 (average 0.491), respectively. Allelic polymorphism information content ranged from 0.000 to 0.847 (average 0.333). Cross-species amplifications were successfully conducted with two related Ephedra species for all 11 di- or trinucleotide simple sequence repeats.ConclusionsThis study provides the first set of microsatellite markers for genetic monitoring and surveying of this medicinal plant.

| S-EPMC6342172 | biostudies-literature

Characterization of Proanthocyanidin Oligomers of Ephedra sinica.

Project description:Ephedra sinica, an important plant in Chinese traditional medicine, contains a complex mixture of proanthocyanidin oligomers as major constituents; however, only the minor components have been chemically characterized. In this study, oligomers with relatively large molecular weights, which form the main body of the proanthocyanidin fractions, were separated by adsorption and size-exclusion chromatography. Acid-catalyzed degradation in the presence of mercaptoethanol or phloroglucinol led to the isolation of 18 fragments, the structures of which were elucidated from their experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectra. The results indicated that (-)-epigallocatechin was the main extension unit, while catechin, the A-type epigallocatechin-gallocatechin dimer, and the A-type epigallocatechin homodimer, were identified as the terminal units. Among the degradation products, thioethers of gallocatechin with 3,4-cis configurations, a B-type prodelphinidin dimer, a prodelphinidin trimer with both A- and B-type linkages, and a prodelphinidin dimer with an α-substituted A-type linkage were new compounds. In addition, a phloroglucinol adduct of an A-type prodelphinidin dimer, a doubly-linked phloroglucinol adduct of epigallocatechin, and a unique product with a flavan-3-ol skeleton generated by the rearrangement of the aromatic rings were also isolated.

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Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae), a traditional Chinese medicine.

Project description:Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a tradational Chinese medicine of Leguminosae, which contains many chemicals, such as glycyrrhizin, liquiritin glycyrol, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine), glycyrrhizol A, glycyrrhizol B and four known isoflavonoids (5-O-methylglycryol, isoglycyrol, 6,8-diisoprenyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxy isoflavone, gancaonin). Illumina paired-end reads data was used to assemble the complete chloroplast (cp) genome. About 15,445,866 raw Paired-End Reads and the length distribution in 127,702 bp (GC content accounts for 34.3%). Eight PCG genes and six tRNA genes possess a single intron, while ycf3 has a couple of introns. Based on the concatenated coding sequences of cp PCGs, the phylogenetic analysis showed that Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata (MH321931) are closely related to each other within the family Leguminosae.

| S-EPMC7706715 | biostudies-literature

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Euphorbia lathyris (Euphorbiaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine.

Project description:Euphorbia lathyris is a biennial herb plant in China. The seed is commonly used in well-known traditional Chinese medicine, and it has anti-tumor, p-glycoprotein and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The length of circular chloroplast genome was 162,571 bp, containing a large single-copy region of 91,946 bp, a small single-copy region of 17,301 bp and two inverted repeat regions of 26,662 bp. The chloroplast genome contained 128 genes, including 85 protein-coding, 8 rRNA, and 35 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that E. lathyris, E. kansui and E. esulaare are closely related to each other.

| S-EPMC7510639 | biostudies-literature

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Euphorbia helioscopia Linn. (Euphorbiaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine.

Project description:Euphorbia helioscopia Linn. known as a traditional Chinese medicine of Euphorbiaceae, which contains terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, acetophenones, tannins, phenylpropanoids, cerebrosides and so on. Euphorbia helioscopia L. was used to treat malignant tumors and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as cough, phlegm-turbidity, asthma, and chronic bronchitis. The complete chloroplast genome was assembled by Illumina paired-end reads data. The length of circular cp genome distribution in 160,041 bp, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 88,832 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,145 bp and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,032 bp. In addition, 11 genes possess a single intron, while the other two genes (ycf3, clpP) have a couple of introns. The GC content of entire Euphorbia helioscopia L. cp genome, LSC, SSC and IR regions are 35.9, 33.1, 30.3, and 42.3%, respectively. From the NJ phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Euphorbia helioscopia L. and Euphorbia esula are closely related to each other within the family Euphorbiaceae.

| S-EPMC7707446 | biostudies-literature

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Ilex rotunda, traditional Chinese medicine plant.

Project description:Ilex rotunda is a traditional Chinese medicine plant. In this study, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of I. rotunda to investigate its phylogenetic relationship. The cp genome of I. rotunda was 157,743 bp in length with 37.62% overall GC content, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,060bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,432 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRS) of 26,121 bp. The cp genome contained 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole cp genome sequences showed that I. rotunda is closely related to I. pubescens and I. polyneura.

| S-EPMC8425722 | biostudies-literature

traditional chinese medicine

Project description:traditional chinese medicine Targeted loci

| PRJNA796441 | ENA

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of traditional Chinese medicine Uncaria macrophylla (Rubiaceae).

Project description:Uncaria macrophylla (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal vine plant of the Rubiaceae family that was distributed in East Asia and Southeast Asia. The first complete chloroplast genome of Uncaria macrophylla was sequenced and assembled in this study. The genome is 155,138 bp in length and contained 129 encoded genes in total, including 79 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis showed that U. macrophylla was closely related to Uncaria rhynchophylla according to the current sampling extent.

| S-EPMC9045754 | biostudies-literature

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