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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency.

ABSTRACT: Although it is estimated that COVID-19 life-threatening conditions may be diagnosed in less than 1:1000 infected individuals below the age of 50, but the real impact of this pandemic on pediatric patients with different types of primary immunodeficiency (PID) is not elucidated. The current prospective study on a national registry of PID patients showed that with only 1.23 folds higher incidence of infections, these patients present a 10-folds higher mortality rate compared to population mainly in patients with combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Therefore, further management modalities against COVID-19 should be considered to improve the survival rate in these two PID entities using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunomodulatory agents.

SUBMITTER: Delavari S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7707812 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency.

Delavari Samaneh S Abolhassani Hassan H Abolnezhadian Farhad F Babaha Fateme F Iranparast Sara S Ahanchian Hamid H Moazzen Nasrin N Nabavi Mohammad M Arshi Saba S Fallahpour Morteza M Bemanian Mohammad Hassan MH Shokri Sima S Momen Tooba T Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz M Molatefi Rasol R Shirkani Afshin A Vosughimotlagh Ahmad A Safarirad Molood M Sharifzadeh Meisam M Pashangzadeh Salar S Salami Fereshte F Shirmast Paniz P Rezaei Arezou A Moeini Shad Tannaz T Mohraz Minoo M Rezaei Nima N Hammarström Lennart L Yazdani Reza R Aghamohamamdi Asghar A

Journal of clinical immunology 20201201 2

Although it is estimated that COVID-19 life-threatening conditions may be diagnosed in less than 1:1000 infected individuals below the age of 50, but the real impact of this pandemic on pediatric patients with different types of primary immunodeficiency (PID) is not elucidated. The current prospective study on a national registry of PID patients showed that with only 1.23 folds higher incidence of infections, these patients present a 10-folds higher mortality rate compared to population mainly i ...[more]

PMID: 33263173

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Project description:Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are widely used for point-of-care or self-testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2), but currently circulating Omicron variants may impair detection. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the Roche-SARS-CoV-2-Antigen and Acon-FlowFlex-SARS-CoV-2-Antigen in 150 consecutively collected nasopharyngeal patient swabs (50 SCoV2 RNA undetectable; 100 SCoV2 Omicron BA.1). Omicron BA.1 results were compared to 92 Ct-matched early-pandemic SCoV2 variants (B.1.160 and B.1.177), to 100 Omicron BA.2 positive and to 100 Omicron BA.5 positive samples. For Omicron BA.1, Roche-SARS-CoV-2-Antigen detected 87% of samples having Ct-values <29 reflecting 3.6% lower rates compared to B.1.160 and B.1.177. Acon-FlowFlex-SARS-CoV-2-Antigen was less affected and detected 90% of Omicron BA.1 with Ct-values <29. Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 detection rates were significantly reduced by 20% and 10%, respectively, for the Roche-SARS-CoV-2-Antigen in samples with Ct-values <29 but remained similar for Acon-FlowFlex-SARS-CoV-2-Antigen. RATs need to be continuously evaluated as new SCoV2-variants emerge. Spreading of Omicron-BA.2, and the recently emerged Omicron BA.5 variant, may not only result from escape from postvaccine or postinfection immunity, but also from false-negative RATs misguiding point-of-care and self-testing decisions at times of restricted molecular testing. IMPORTANCE Antigen tests are widely used for rapid identification of SCoV2-positive cases and their increased risk of transmission. At present, there are several FDA- and CE-cleared tests available in North America and Europe. However, their diagnostic performance has been evaluated with early-pandemic variants. This study provides evidence that variation within the nucleocapsid protein as seen in recently emerged and now globally spreading Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 variants significantly impairs detection rates of widely used antigen tests. Consequently, antigen tests need to be reevaluated when new pandemic SCoV2 variants emerge and start to predominate globally.

Dataset Information

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency.

Publications

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency.

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