Dataset Information

The complete chloroplast genome of Aralia atropurpurea (Araliaceae, the ginseng family) from the Sino-Himalayan region, China.

ABSTRACT: Aralia atropurpurea (Araliaceae) is a perennial medicinal herb endemic to southwest China. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. atropurpurea was reported and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. The cp genome of A. atropurpurea is 156,272?bp in length, consisting two inverted repeats (IRs, 25,963?bp), a small single copy (SSC, 18,080?bp), and a large single copy (LSC, 86,266?bp) region. It encodes 133 genes including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The maximum-likelihood tree shows A. atropurpurea grouping with the other two Aralia sect. Aralia species, and a close relationship between Aralia and Panax.

SUBMITTER: Liu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7710312 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete chloroplast genome of Aralia atropurpurea (Araliaceae, the ginseng family) from the Sino-Himalayan region, China.

Liu Jing J Wen Jun J

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20190730 2

Aralia atropurpurea (Araliaceae) is a perennial medicinal herb endemic to southwest China. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. atropurpurea was reported and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. The cp genome of A. atropurpurea is 156,272 bp in length, consisting two inverted repeats (IRs, 25,963 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 18,080 bp), and a large single copy (LSC, 86,266 bp) region. It encodes 133 genes including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA gene ...[more]

PMID: 33365722

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Project description:Paeonia delavayi var. lutea, Paeonia delavayi var. angustiloba, and Paeonia ludlowii are Chinese endemics that belong to the Paeoniaceae family and have vital medicinal and ornamental value. It is often difficult to classify Paeoniaceae plants based on their morphological characteristics, and the limited genomic information has strongly hindered molecular evolution and phylogenetic studies of Paeoniaceae. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the chloroplast genomes of P. delavayi var. lutea, P. delavayi var. angustiloba, and P. ludlowii. The chloroplast genomes of these strains were comparatively analyzed, and their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were inferred. These three chloroplast genomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and were 152,687-152,759 bp in length. Each genome contains 126-132 genes, including 81-87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNAs, and 8 ribosomal RNAs. In addition, the genomes had 61-64 SSRs, with mononucleotide repeats being the most abundant. The codon bias patterns of the three species tend to use codons ending in A/U. Six regions of high variability were identified (psbK-psbL, trnG-UCC, petN-psbM, psbC, rps8-rpl14, and ycf1) that can be used as DNA molecular markers for phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis. The Ka/Ks ratio indicates positive selection for the rps18 gene associated with self-replication. The phylogenetic analysis of 99 chloroplast genomes from Saxifragales clarified the phylogenetic relationships of Paeoniaceae and revealed that P. delavayi var. lutea, P. delavayi var. angustiloba, and P. ludlowii are monophyletic groups and sisters to P. delavayi. Divergence time estimation revealed two evolutionary divergences of Paeoniaceae species in the early Oligocene and Miocene. Afterward, they underwent rapid adaptive radiation from the Pliocene to the early Pleistocene when P. delavayi var. lutea, P. delavayi var. angustiloba, and P. ludlowii formed. The results of this study enrich the chloroplast genomic information of Paeoniaceae and reveal new insights into the phylogeny of Paeoniaceae.

Project description:This study reports the complete chloroplast (cp) DNA sequence of Eleutherococcus senticosus (GenBank: JN 637765), an endangered endemic species. The genome is 156,768 bp in length, and contains a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,930 bp each, a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,755 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,153 bp. The structural organization, gene and intron contents, gene order, AT content, codon usage, and transcription units of the E. senticosus chloroplast genome are similar to that of typical land plant cp DNA. We aligned and analyzed the sequences of 86 coding genes, 19 introns and 113 intergenic spacers (IGS) in three different taxonomic hierarchies; Eleutherococcus vs. Panax, Eleutherococcus vs. Daucus, and Eleutherococcus vs. Nicotiana. The distribution of indels, the number of polymorphic sites and nucleotide diversity indicate that positional constraint is more important than functional constraint for the evolution of cp genome sequences in Asterids. For example, the intron sequences in the LSC region exhibited base substitution rates 5-11-times higher than that of the IR regions, while the intron sequences in the SSC region evolved 7-14-times faster than those in the IR region. Furthermore, the Ka/Ks ratio of the gene coding sequences supports a stronger evolutionary constraint in the IR region than in the LSC or SSC regions. Therefore, our data suggest that selective sweeps by base collection mechanisms more frequently eliminate polymorphisms in the IR region than in other regions. Chloroplast genome regions that have high levels of base substitutions also show higher incidences of indels. Thirty-five simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified in the Eleutherococcus chloroplast genome. Of these, 27 are homopolymers, while six are di-polymers and two are tri-polymers. In addition to the SSR loci, we also identified 18 medium size repeat units ranging from 22 to 79 bp, 11 of which are distributed in the IGS or intron regions. These medium size repeats may contribute to developing a cp genome-specific gene introduction vector because the region may use for specific recombination sites.

Dataset Information

The complete chloroplast genome of Aralia atropurpurea (Araliaceae, the ginseng family) from the Sino-Himalayan region, China.

Publications

The complete chloroplast genome of <i>Aralia atropurpurea</i> (Araliaceae, the ginseng family) from the Sino-Himalayan region, China.

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