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Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets.

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets. A total of 72 piglets were weighed and randomly allotted into three treatments (four replication pens per treatment with six piglets/pen) for a 28-day experiment. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (control group, CTR), basal diet supplementation with antibiotic (antibiotic group, ABT), and basal diet supplementation with 0.1% Bacillus subtilis (probiotic group, PBT). The average daily gain of body weight increased in both the ABT and PBT groups, and dietary antibiotics decreased the feed:gain ratio (F:G), as compared to the CTR group (P?

SUBMITTER: Deng B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7710768 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets.

Deng Bo B Wu Jie J Li Xiaohui X Zhang Cheng C Men Xiaoming X Xu Ziwei Z

AMB Express 20201202 1

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets. A total of 72 piglets were weighed and randomly allotted into three treatments (four replication pens per treatment with six piglets/pen) for a 28-day experiment. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (control group, CTR), basal diet supplementation with antibiotic (antibiotic group, ABT), an ...[more]

PMID: 33263814

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Project description:This study investigated the differential effects of Bacillus subtilis–fermented products (SFPs) and Bacillus licheniformis–fermented products (LFPs) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal gene expression, cecal microbiota community, and microbial carbohydrate-active enzyme composition of broilers. In total, 160 one-day-old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups (with 8 replicates per group and 5 chicks per replicate): control (CON), enramycin (ENM), SFP, and LFP groups, which were fed a basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg ENM, basal diet supplemented with 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of B. subtilis spores per gram of feed, and basal diet supplemented with 108 CFU of B. licheniformis spores per gram of feed, respectively. LFP treatment resulted in a higher (P < 0.01) body weight at the age of 35 d and higher average daily gain over 15 to 35 (P < 0.05) and 1 to 35 (P < 0.05) d of age than did the CON and SFP treatments. The average villus heights in the jejunum were longer (P < 0.05) in the LFP group than those in the SFP group. Moreover, the LFP group exhibited a higher jejunal barrier function gene expression (mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, and occludin) and cecal antioxidant gene expression (superoxide dismutase) than did the CON group (P < 0.05). A principal coordinate analysis of cecal microbiota and carbohydrate-active enzyme composition demonstrated distinct clustering among the groups. Lactobacillus crispatus abundance in the cecal digesta was higher (P < 0.01) in the SFP group than in the CON and LFP groups. Finally, microbial glycosyltransferase 2 gene expression in the cecal digesta was higher in the LFP group than in the CON and ENM groups. In conclusion, LFPs can improve the growth performance, increase intestinal barrier function and antioxidant gene expression, and modulate cecal microflora composition and carbohydrate-active enzyme composition of broilers. The overall effect of LFPs on growth promotion in broilers was superior to that of SFPs.

Project description:The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum (CB) and a bacteriophage cocktail (BP) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal digestive and oxidase enzymes, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and the cecum microbiota in rabbits. In total, 108 New Zealand rabbits (5 weeks old) were randomly and equally allotted into three dietary treatment groups (four replicates per treatment, n = 36/treatment): (1) the control (CN) group-rabbits fed the basal diet; (2) CB group-rabbits fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg diet Clostridium butyricum; and (3) BP group-rabbits fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet BP cocktail, respectively, for 6 weeks. Compared with the CN diet, dietary CB and BP inclusion increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased the feed/gain (F/G) ratio of rabbits. Furthermore, CB increased the digestive enzyme activity (α-amylase and trypsin in the ileum); the chymotrypsin activity was also significantly increased in the duodenum and jejunum. Supplementation with CB significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity (SOD and GSH-Px) in the jejunum and ileum and reduced MDA levels. Additionally, rabbits fed CB had significantly elevated villus height (V) and (V/C) ratios but reduced crypt depth (C). Moreover, dietary CB supplementation markedly increased the ileal expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) production. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbiota in the rabbit intestine was altered by CB and BP. Venn diagrams and heatmap plots revealed that the gut microbial community composition varied obviously among rabbits fed different diets. Specifically, CB increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria to maintain intestinal barrier homeostasis, whereas BP decreased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, which included a plenty of pathogenic bacteria.

Project description:As the poultry industry recedes from the use of antibiotic growth promoters, the need to evaluate the efficacy of possible alternatives and the delivery method that maximizes their effectiveness arises. This study aimed at expounding knowledge on the effect of the delivery method of a probiotic product (Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract) on performance and gut parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 450 fertile eggs sourced from Cobb 500 broiler breeders were randomly allotted to 3 groups: in ovo probiotic (n = 66), in ovo saline (n = 66), and noninjection (n = 200) and incubated for 21 d. On day 18.5 of incubation, 200 μL of either probiotic (10 × 106 cfu) or saline was injected into the amnion. At hatch, chicks were reallotted to 6 new treatment groups: in ovo probiotic, in ovo saline, in-feed antibiotics, in-water probiotic, in-feed probiotics, and control (corn-wheat-soybean diet) in 6 replicate cages and raised for 28 d. Of all hatch parameters evaluated, only percentage pipped eggs was found significant (P < 0.05) with the noninjection group having higher percentage pipped eggs than the other groups. Treatments did not affect the incidence of necrotic enteritis on day 28 (P > 0.05). Irrespective of the delivery method, the probiotic treatments had no significant effect on growth performance. The ileum villus width of the in ovo probiotic treatment was 18% higher than the in ovo saline group (P = 0.05) but not statistically higher than other groups. The jejunum villus height was 23% higher (P = 0.000) in the in ovo probiotic group than in the control group. There was no effect of treatment on total cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and cecal gut microbiota composition and diversity (P > 0.05), although few unique bacteria differential abundance were recorded per treatment. Conclusively, although probiotic treatments (irrespective of the delivery route) did not affect growth performance, in ovo delivery of the probiotic product enhanced intestinal morphology, without compromising hatch performance and gut homeostasis.

Project description:This study investigated dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (BS) ATCC19659 on growth performance, biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and cecum microflora in broiler chicks. A total of 600 Arbor 1-day Acres broilers of either sex were allotted to 5 treatments: chicks were fed a corn- and soybean-based diet (CON); chicks were fed basal diet containing 500 mg ZnB/kg (ZnB); chicks were fed basal diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-1); chicks were fed basal diet containing 3 × 108 CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-3); and chicks were fed basal diet containing 5 × 108 CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-5). Each treatment comprised 6 replicates with 20 birds for each replicate pen. Chicks in the BS-5 and BS-3 groups had higher body weight at the 21st and 42nd days and average daily gain from 1 to 21 days than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Chicks in the BS-5 and ZnB groups had higher serum antioxidant activities and immunity response than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the liver mRNA abundance of GHR, TGF-β, IGF-1, IFN-γ, SOD, CAT, and GPX of chicks in three BS groups and the ileum villus length (μm) of chicks in BS-3 and ZnB groups was increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum of chicks in the BS-5 and BS-3 groups and the crypt depth and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum in the BS-5 and ZnB groups were increased (p < 0.05). The abundance of the Cyanobacteria phyla in the cecum decreased in response to treatment with both BS-ATCC19659 and ZnB groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the cecum abundance of genera GCA-900066575 (Lachnospiraceae), Anaerofustis, and Papillibacter (Firmicutes phylum) in three BS groups were increased (p < 0.05); The abundance of genus Escherichia-Shigella reduced in the BS-3 group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the cecum abundance of genus Clostridia_unclassified in ZnB and BS-5 groups was decreased (p < 0.05) of broilers. Generally, Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 as feed additive positively affected growth performance, immunity response, and cecal microflora of broilers.

Project description:BackgroundThe focus of recent research has been directed toward the probiotic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) on the gut health of animals. However, little is known about BA's effects on piglets with intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of BA supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of IUGR piglets.MethodsEighteen litters of newborn piglets were selected at birth, with one normal birth weight (NBW) and two IUGR piglets in each litter (i.e., 18 NBW and 36 IUGR piglets in total). At weaning, the NBW piglet and one of the IUGR piglets were assigned to groups fed a control diet (i.e., the NBW-CON and IUGR-CON groups). The other IUGR piglet was assigned to a group fed the control diet supplemented with 2.0 g BA per kg of diet (i.e., IUGR-BA group). The piglets were thus distributed across three groups for a four-week period.ResultsIUGR reduced the growth performance of the IUGR-CON piglets compared with the NBW-CON piglets. It was also associated with decreased villus sizes, increased apoptosis rates, reduced goblet cell numbers, and an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine. Supplementation with BA improved the average daily weight gain and the feed efficiency of the IUGR-BA group compared with the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). The IUGR-BA group exhibited increases in the ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth, in ileal villus height, and in ileal goblet cell density. They also exhibited decreases in the numbers of jejunal and ileal apoptotic cells and ileal proliferative cells (P < 0.05). Supplementation with BA increased interleukin 10 content, but it decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha level in the small intestines of the IUGR-BA piglets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the IUGR-CON piglets, the IUGR-BA piglets had less Escherichia coli in their jejunal digesta, but more Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in their ileal digesta (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDietary supplementation with BA improves morphology, decreases inflammatory response, and regulates microbiota in the small intestines of IUGR piglets, which may contribute to improved growth performance during early life.

Project description:Antibiotics are commonly overused to reduce weaning stress that leads to economic loss in swine production. As potential substitutes of antibiotics, plant extracts have attracted the attention of researchers. However, one of the plant extracts, tannic acid (TA), has an adverse effect on the growth performance, palatability, and intestinal absorption in weaning piglets when used at a large amount. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a proper dose of microencapsulated TA on the growth performance, organ and intestinal development, intestinal morphology, intestinal nutrient transporters, and colonic microbiota in weaning piglets. Forty-five Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire] (initial body weight = 5.99 ± 0.13 kg, weaned days = 21 d) piglets were randomly divided into five treatment groups (n = 9) and raised in 14 d. The piglets in the control group were raised on a basal diet; the piglets in the antibiotic test group were raised on a basal diet with three antibiotics (375 mg/kg Chlortetracycline 20%, 500 mg/kg Enramycin 4%, 1,500 mg/kg Oxytetracycline calcium 20%); and the other three groups were raised on a basal diet with three doses of microencapsulated TA (TA1, 500 mg/kg; TA2, 1,000 mg/kg; TA3, 1,500 mg/kg). All the piglets were raised in the same environment and given the same amount of nutrients for 2 wk. The results showed that both TA1 and TA2 groups had no adverse effect on the growth performance, organ weight and intestinal growth, and the pH value of gastrointestinal content. TA2 treatment improved the duodenal morphology (P < 0.05), increased the gene expression level of solute carrier family 6, member 19 and solute carrier family 15, member 1 (P < 0.05) in the ileum, and modulated the colonic bacteria composition (P < 0.05), but inhibited the activity of maltase in the ileum (P < 0.05) and the jejunal gene expression level of solute carrier family 5, member 1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study suggests that a dosage between 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of microencapsulated TA is safe to be included in the swine diet and that 1,000 mg/kg of microencapsulated TA has beneficial effects on intestinal morphology, intestinal nutrient transporter, and intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets. These findings provide new insights into suitable alternatives to antibiotics for improving growth performance and colonic microbiota.

Dataset Information

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets.

Publications

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets.

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