Dataset Information

Quantitation and predictors of short-term mortality following extrapleural pneumonectomy, pleurectomy/decortication, and nonoperative management for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

For malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), the benefit of resection, as well as the optimal surgical technique, remain controversial. In efforts to better refine patient selection, this retrospective observational cohort study queried the National Cancer Database in an effort to quantify and evaluate predictors of 30- and 90-day mortality between extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy/decortication (P/D), as well as nonoperative management.

Methods

After applying selection criteria, cumulative incidences of mortality by treatment paradigm were graphed for the unadjusted and propensity-matched populations, as well as for six a priori age-based intervals (≤60, 61-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80, and ≥81 years). The interaction between age and hazard ratio (HR) for mortality between treatment paradigms was also graphed. Cox multivariable analysis ascertained factors independently associated with 30- and 90-day mortality.

Results

Of 10,723 patients, 2,125 (19.8%) received resection (n=438 EPP, n=1,687 P/D) and 8,598 (80.2%) underwent nonoperative management. The unadjusted 30/90-day mortality for EPP, P/D, and all operated cases was 3.0%/8.0%, 5.4%/14.1%, and 4.9%/12.8%, respectively. There were no short-term mortality differences between EPP and P/D following propensity-matching, within each age interval, or between age subgroups on interaction testing (P>0.05 for all). Nonoperative patients had a crude 30- and 90-day mortality of 9.9% and 24.6%, respectively. Several variables were identified as predictors of short-term mortality, notably patient age (HR 1.022, P<0.001), Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index (HR 1.882, P<0.001), receipt of treatment at high-volume centers (HR 0.834, P=0.032) and induction chemotherapy (HR 1.735, P=0.025), among others. The patient (yearly) incremental increase in age conferred 2.0% (30 day) and 2.2% (90 day) increased risk of mortality (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Quantitative estimates of age-associated 30- and 90-day mortality of EPP and P/D should be considered when potentially operable patients are counseled regarding the risks and benefits of resection.

SUBMITTER: Wright C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7711390 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Quantitation and predictors of short-term mortality following extrapleural pneumonectomy, pleurectomy/decortication, and nonoperative management for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Wright Christopher C Verma Vivek V Barsky Andrew R AR Haque Waqar W Polamraju Praveen V PV Ludmir Ethan B EB Zaorsky Nicholas G NG Lehrer Eric J EJ Trifiletti Daniel M DM Grover Surbhi S Friedberg Joseph S JS Simone Charles B CB

Journal of thoracic disease 20201101 11

<h4>Background</h4>For malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), the benefit of resection, as well as the optimal surgical technique, remain controversial. In efforts to better refine patient selection, this retrospective observational cohort study queried the National Cancer Database in an effort to quantify and evaluate predictors of 30- and 90-day mortality between extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy/decortication (P/D), as well as nonoperative management.<h4>Methods</h4>After applyi ...[more]

PMID: 33282350

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Project description:ObjectiveMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignant cancer for which there are poor treatment options. Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy decortication (P/D) are the two most used surgical procedures in patients with resectable disease. We reviewed the available literature in order to compare the overall survival and postoperative complications of EPP and P/D and to provide evidence for the best procedure in the treatment of MPM.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature, including studies from August 2018 to May 2022. The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality and peri-operative complications.ResultsThirteen studies were considered, including a total of 1624 patients treated with EPP and 2147 treated with P/D. The estimated pooled HR showed a significant lower hazard for P/D compared to EPP in terms of OS (HR = 0.76; 95% CI from 0.62 to 0.94; p < 0.001). In 12 studies, the risk for 30-day mortality was lower for patients treated with P/D (RR = 0.49; 95% CI from 0.31 to 0.76; p = <0.01), whereas only five studies reported 90-day mortality, and no statistically significant difference between EPP and P/D was found (RR = 0.71; 95% CI from 0.47 to 1.07; p = 0.10). The OS restricted mean survival time difference meta-analysis (RMSDT) confirms the superior survival of P/D on the EPP, a superiority that increases from 0.54 months at one year to 4.23 at five years. The incidence of postoperative empyema, atrial fibrillation, bleeding and bronchopleural fistula was significantly increased in the EPP group except for prolonged air leakage, which is only characteristic of P/D.ConclusionsUsing two different statistical methods, this meta-analysis suggests that long-term survival after surgical treatment for resectable MPM is greater for patients undergoing P/D. Long-term survival had never been previously analyzed with appropriate tests; on the contrary, our result is consistent with the previous meta-analyses and reinforces the evidence of lower 30-day mortality and the prevalence of postoperative complications in P/D versus EPP patients. The recent introduction of innovative therapeutic schemes, both adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, keeps the discussion on surgical strategy open and will require new studies.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Few studies have focused on quality of life (QoL) after treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). There are still questions as to which surgical procedure, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) or pleurectomy decortication (P/D) is most effective and results in better survival outcomes, involves fewer complications, and results in better QoL. Here we performed a literature review on MPM patients to assess and compare QoL changes after P/D and EPP. METHODS:Research articles concerning QoL after mesothelioma surgery were identified through May 2018 in Medline. For inclusion, studies were 1) cohort or randomized controlled trials (RCT) design, 2) included standardized QoL instruments, 3) reported QoL measurement after surgery, 4) described the type of surgery performed (EPP or P/D), 5) were written in English. Measures of lung function (FEV1, FVC) and measures from the EORTC-C30 were compared 6?months following surgery with preoperative values. RESULTS:QoL data was extracted from 17 articles (14 datasets), encompassing 659 patients (102 EPP, 432 P/D); the available evidence was of low quality. While two studies directly compared QoL between the two surgical procedures, additional data was available from one arm of two RCTs, as the RCTs were not comparing EPP and P/D. The remaining data was reported from observational studies. While QoL was still compromised 6?months following surgery, from the limited and low quality data available it would appear that P/D patients had better QoL than EPP patients across all measures. Physical function, social function and global health were better at follow-up for P/D than for EPP, while other indicators such as pain and cough were similar. Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) were reported in one study only, and were higher at follow-up for P/D compared to EPP. CONCLUSIONS:Although the existing evidence is limited and of low quality, it suggests that P/D patients have better QoL than EPP patients following surgery. QoL outcomes should be factored into the choice of surgical procedure for MPM patients, and the possible effects on lung function and QoL should be discussed with patients when presenting surgical treatment options.

Project description:BackgroundMultimodality therapy with preoperative radiation (RT) followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy (EP) for patients with operable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has demonstrated encouraging results. At relapse, there are few data on the tolerance and efficacy of systemic therapies after prior multimodality therapy.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with relapsed MPM after RT and EPP ± adjuvant chemotherapy to determine overall survival (OS; date of relapse to death) and the proportion of patients that received systemic therapy and associated response rate (RR). OS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and potential prognostic variables were examined.ResultsFifty-three patients were included (2008-2016). Median OS was 4.8 months (median follow-up 4.4 months, range 0.03-34.8). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≥2, disease-free interval (DFI) <1 year, and hemoglobin ≤110 g/L at recurrence were associated with worse prognosis. Thirty-six percent of patients received any systemic therapy, whereas it was omitted in 62% because of poor PS. RR was 15% (0 complete responses, 15% partial responses) in 13 individuals with response-evaluable disease. Therapy was discontinued because of toxicity (6/15) or disease progression (5/15), and median number of cycles was four.ConclusionPatients with relapsed MPM following RT and EPP, especially those with ECOG PS ≥2, DFI <1 year, and hemoglobin ≤110 g/L at recurrence, have poor prognosis and low RR to first-line systemic therapy. Earlier detection and novel diagnostic markers of relapse as well as potential neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy should be investigated in future studies.Implications for practiceThe results of this study have reinforced the importance of careful selection of appropriate candidates for this combined-modality approach and favor prompt detection of recurrence with early and regular postoperative imaging and biopsy of suspected relapsed disease along with rapid initiation of systemic therapy even in patients with very low burden of disease. Furthermore, with the emergence of new systemic agents targeting different histological subtypes of malignant pleural mesothelioma, histological sampling of recurrence could inform therapeutic decisions in the future.

Dataset Information

Quantitation and predictors of short-term mortality following extrapleural pneumonectomy, pleurectomy/decortication, and nonoperative management for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Quantitation and predictors of short-term mortality following extrapleural pneumonectomy, pleurectomy/decortication, and nonoperative management for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

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