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Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola.

ABSTRACT: An increase in cork oak diseases caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola has been reported in the last decade. Due to the high socio-economic and ecologic importance of this plant species in the Mediterranean Basin, the search for preventive or treatment measures to control these diseases is an urgent need. Fungal endophytes were recovered from cork oak trees with different disease severity levels, using culture-dependent methods. The results showed a higher number of potential pathogens than beneficial fungi such as cork oak endophytes, even in healthy plants. The antagonist potential of a selection of eight cork oak fungal endophytes was tested against B. mediterranea and D. corticola by dual-plate assays. The tested endophytes were more efficient in inhibiting D. corticola than B. mediterranea growth, but Simplicillium aogashimaense, Fimetariella rabenhorstii, Chaetomium sp. and Alternaria alternata revealed a high potential to inhibit the growth of both. Simplicillium aogashimaense caused macroscopic and microscopic mycelial/hyphal deformations and presented promising results in controlling both phytopathogens' growth in vitro. The evaluation of the antagonistic potential of non-volatile and volatile compounds also revealed that A. alternata compounds could be further explored for inhibiting both pathogens. These findings provide valuable knowledge that can be further explored in in vivo assays to find a suitable biocontrol agent for these cork oak diseases.

SUBMITTER: Costa D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7711870 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola.

Costa Daniela D Tavares Rui M RM Baptista Paula P Lino-Neto Teresa T

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 20201114 4

An increase in cork oak diseases caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola has been reported in the last decade. Due to the high socio-economic and ecologic importance of this plant species in the Mediterranean Basin, the search for preventive or treatment measures to control these diseases is an urgent need. Fungal endophytes were recovered from cork oak trees with different disease severity levels, using culture-dependent methods. The results showed a higher num ...[more]

PMID: 33202643

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Project description:Hypersaline environments are known to support diverse fungal species from various orders. The production of secondary metabolites is one of the strategies that fungi adopt to thrive under such extreme environments, bringing up the stress tolerance response. Some such unique secondary metabolites also exhibit clinical significance. The increasing prevalence of drug resistance in cancer therapy demands further exploration of these novel bioactive compounds as cancer therapeutics. In the present study, a total of 31 endophytic fungi harboring inside red, green, and brown marine algae have been isolated and identified. The maximum likelihood analysis and diversity indices of fungal endophytes revealed the phylogenetic relationship and species richness. The genus Aspergillus was found to be the dominating fungus, followed by Cladosporium spp. All the isolated endophytic fungal extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity against HeLa and A431 cancer cell lines. Nine isolates were further analyzed for their cytotoxic activity from the culture filtrate and mycelia extract. Among these isolates, Biscogniauxia petrensis showed potential cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 18.04 and 24.85 μg/ml against HeLa and A431 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the media and solvent extraction optimization revealed the highest cytotoxic active compounds in ethyl acetate extract from the potato dextrose yeast extract broth medium. The compound-induced cell death via apoptosis was 50-60 and 45% when assayed using propidium iodide-live/dead and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential assay, respectively, in HeLa cells. Four bioactive fractions (bioassay-based) were obtained and analyzed using chromatography and spectroscopy. This study reports, for the first time, the cytotoxic activity of an endophytic fungal community that was isolated from marine macro-algae in the Rameswaram coastal region of Tamil Nadu, India. In addition, B. petrensis is a prominent apoptotic agent, which can be used in pharmaceutical applications as a therapeutic.

Dataset Information

Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola.

Publications

Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against <i>Biscogniauxia mediterranea</i> and <i>Diplodia corticola</i>.

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