The Association Between Periodontal Disease and Breast Cancer in a Prospective Cohort Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jia M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7718282 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundCutaneous nevi are suggested to be hormone-related. We hypothesized that the number of cutaneous nevi might be a phenotypic marker of plasma hormone levels and predict subsequent breast cancer risk.Methods and findingsWe followed 74,523 female nurses for 24 y (1986-2010) in the Nurses' Health Study and estimate the relative risk of breast cancer according to the number of cutaneous nevi. We adjusted for the known breast cancer risk factors in the models. During follow-up, a total of 5,483 invasive breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Compared to women with no nevi, women with more cutaneous nevi had higher risks of breast cancer (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.10 for 1-5 nevi; 1.15, 95% CI, 1.00-1.31 for 6-14 nevi, and 1.35, 95% CI, 1.04-1.74 for 15 or more nevi; p for continuous trend = 0.003). Over 24 y of follow-up, the absolute risk of developing breast cancer increased from 8.48% for women without cutaneous nevi to 8.82% (95% CI, 8.31%-9.33%) for women with 1-5 nevi, 9.75% (95% CI, 8.48%-11.11%) for women with 6-14 nevi, and 11.4% (95% CI, 8.82%-14.76%) for women with 15 or more nevi. The number of cutaneous nevi was associated with increased risk of breast cancer only among estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio per five nevi, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.02-1.16 for ER+/progesterone receptor [PR]-positive tumors; 1.08, 95% CI, 0.94-1.24 for ER+/PR- tumors; and 0.99, 95% CI, 0.86-1.15 for ER-/PR- tumors). Additionally, we tested plasma hormone levels according to the number of cutaneous nevi among a subgroup of postmenopausal women without postmenopausal hormone use (n = 611). Postmenopausal women with six or more nevi had a 45.5% higher level of free estradiol and a 47.4% higher level of free testosterone compared to those with no nevi (p for trend = 0.001 for both). Among a subgroup of 362 breast cancer cases and 611 matched controls with plasma hormone measurements, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for every five nevi attenuated from 1.25 (95% CI, 0.89-1.74) to 1.16 (95% CI, 0.83-1.64) after adjusting for plasma hormone levels. Key limitations in this study are that cutaneous nevi were self-counted in our cohort and that the study was conducted in white individuals, and thus the findings do not necessarily apply to other populations.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the number of cutaneous nevi may reflect plasma hormone levels and predict breast cancer risk independently of previously known factors.
| S-EPMC4051600 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Evidence linking body fatness to breast cancer (BC) prognosis is limited. While it seems that excess adiposity is associated with poorer BC survival, there is uncertainty over whether weight changes reduce mortality. This study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes pre- and postdiagnosis and overall mortality and BC-specific mortality among BC survivors. Our study included 13,624 BC survivors from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, with a mean follow-up of 8.6 years after diagnosis. Anthropometric data were obtained at recruitment for all cases and at a second assessment during follow-up for a subsample. We measured general obesity using the body mass index (BMI), whereas waist circumference and A Body Shape Index were used as measures of abdominal obesity. The annual weight change was calculated for cases with two weight assessments. The association with overall mortality and BC-specific mortality were based on a multivariable Cox and Fine and Gray models, respectively. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal association. Five-unit higher BMI prediagnosis was associated with a 10% (95% confidence interval: 5-15%) increase in overall mortality and 7% (0-15%) increase in dying from BC. Women with abdominal obesity demonstrated a 23% (11-37%) increase in overall mortality, independent of the association of BMI. Results related to weight change postdiagnosis suggested a U-shaped relationship with BC-specific mortality, with higher risk associated with losing weight or gaining > 2% of the weight annually. MR analyses were consistent with the identified associations. Our results support the detrimental association of excess body fatness on the survival of women with BC. Substantial weight changes postdiagnosis may be associated with poorer survival.
| S-EPMC10163997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Prospective cohort carriage study
| PRJEB53187 | ENA
Project description:ObjectivePrevious studies have shown anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory benefits of glucosamine. This study was performed to prospectively evaluate the association between glucosamine supplementation and the mortality of multiple cancers based on the UK Biobank cohort study.Materials and methodsA total of 453,645 participants aged 38-73 who had no cancer at baseline were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed until March 2021. We used cox and poission proportional hazards models to explore the association between habitual use of glucosamine and cancer mortality. Subgroup analyses were conducted to understand the potential effect modifications of demographics, lifestyle factors, and health outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the robustness of the results.ResultsOf the participants, 88,224 (19.4%) reported habitual glucosamine use at baseline. There were 9,366 cancer deaths during a median follow-up of 12.1 years, and we observed a significant association between the use of glucosamine and lower overall cancer mortality (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90-1.00, p < 0.05), kidney cancer (IRR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.95, p < 0.05), lung cancer mortality (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74-0.95, p < 0.05), and rectum cancer (IRR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59-0.98, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that habitual glucosamine supplementation was correlated with lower overall cancer mortality among participants who were aged ≥ 60 years, male, current smoker, without high cholesterol and not obese. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.ConclusionHabitual glucosamine use was significantly related to decreased overall cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, and rectum cancer mortality, based on data from the large-scale, nationwide, prospective UK Biobank cohort study.
| S-EPMC9667031 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAllostatic load (AL) reflects the collective load of chronic stress during lifetime. Previous studies have shown that higher AL is associated with poor clinical outcomes among breast cancer patients. However, the relationship between AL and breast cancer risk is still unclear.MethodsTo fill the gap, we analyzed the association between AL and the development of breast cancer in 181,455 women identified from the UK Biobank.ResultsDuring the follow-up from 2006 to 2020, 5,701 women were diagnosed with incident breast cancer. Significantly higher AL was observed among incident breast cancer cases than all study participants (mean: 2.77 vs. 2.63, P < 0.01). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated the risk of breast cancer was increased by 5% per one AL unit increase (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.07). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting demographics, family history of breast cancer, reproductive factors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and breast cancer polygenic risk score (PRS), the significant association remained (HR = 1.05, 95%CI 1.03, 1.07). The significant relationship was further confirmed in the categorical analysis. Compared with women in the low AL group (AL: 0 ~ 2), those in the high AL group (AL: 3 ~ 11) had a 1.17-fold increased risk of breast cancer (HR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.11, 1.24). Finally, in the stratified analysis, joint effects on the risk of breast cancer were observed between the AL and selected known breast cancer risk factors, including age, family history of breast cancer, PRS, income, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.ConclusionIn summary, those findings have demonstrated that higher AL was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in women. This association is likely independent of known breast cancer risk factors. Thus, the AL could be a valuable biomarker to help breast cancer risk prediction and stratification.
| S-EPMC10729373 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Breast cancer recurrence may be promoted by immunosuppression due to decreased immune surveillance. The aim of this study was to examine the rates of breast cancer recurrence in patients with immune-mediated disease and treated breast cancer who received therapy with methotrexate, thiopurines, or anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF).Three retrospective cohort studies within Medicare (2000-2012) included women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer. Recurrent or second primary breast cancers occurring more than 365 days after the initial surgery were identified. Separate Cox regression models were used to examine the risk of cancer recurrence in patients treated with methotrexate, thiopurines, or anti-TNF agents after surgery, each compared with no use. Analyses were matched for type of breast surgery and receipt and type of adjuvant therapy.Across all medication groups, 107 women experienced breast cancer recurrence during 5,196 person-years. The incidence rates were 20.3 and 19.6 per 1,000 person-years in methotrexate users and nonusers, respectively, 32.3 and 17.6 in thiopurine users and nonusers, respectively, and 22.3 and 19.5 in anti-TNF users and nonusers, respectively. There was no significantly increased risk of breast cancer recurrence with use of methotrexate (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67-1.69), anti-TNF therapy (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.65-1.97), or thiopurines (HR 2.10, 95% CI 0.62-7.14).The risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients who received methotrexate, thiopurine, or anti-TNF therapy was not statistically significantly increased, although we cannot rule out a 2-fold or greater increased risk in those treated with thiopurines. These data provide reassurance to clinicians choosing to start methotrexate or anti-TNF therapy in RA or IBD patients with treated breast cancer.
| S-EPMC5042817 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Identification of blood biomarkers that prospectively predict progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease might lead to interventions that combat the tuberculosis epidemic. We aimed to assess whether global gene expression measured in whole blood of healthy people allowed identification of prospective signatures of risk of active tuberculosis disease. RESULTS:Between July 6, 2005, and April 23, 2007, we enrolled 6363 from the ACS study and 4466 from independent South African and Gambian cohorts. 46 progressors and 107 matched controls were identified in the ACS cohort. A 16 gene signature of risk was identified. The signature predicted tuberculosis progression with a sensitivity of 66·1% (95% CI 63·2–68·9) and a specificity of 80·6% (79·2–82·0) in the 12 months preceding tuberculosis diagnosis. The risk signature was validated in an untouched group of adolescents (p=0·018 for RNA sequencing and p=0·0095 for qRT-PCR) and in the independent South African and Gambian cohorts (p values <0·0001 by qRT-PCR) with a sensitivity of 53·7% (42·6–64·3) and a specificity of 82·8% (76·7–86) in 12 months preceding tuberculosis. Interpretation: The whole blood tuberculosis risk signature prospectively identified people at risk of developing active tuberculosis, opening the possibility for targeted intervention to prevent the disease.
2016-03-22 | GSE79362 | GEO
Project description:The determinants of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not well understood. Periodontal disease (PD) has been linked to CVD but this connection has not been examined in HIV infection. We followed a cohort of HIV-infected adults to ascertain whether PD was associated with carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We performed a longitudinal observational study of HIV-infected adults on HAART for <2 years with no known heart disease. PD was characterized clinically and microbiologically. Cardiovascular disease was assessed by IMT/FMD. Linear mixed models assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PD and FMD/IMT. Forty three HIV(+) adults completed a median of 24 (6-44) months on the study. Defining delta to be the change in a variable between baseline and a follow-up time, longitudinally, on average and after adjusting for change in time, CVD-specific and HIV-specific potential confounding covariates, a 1-log(10) increase in delta Porphyromonas gingivalis was associated with a 0.013 mm increase in delta IMT (95% CI: 0.0006-0.0262; p=0.04). After adjusting for the same potential confounding covariates, a 10% increase in delta gingival recession was associated with a 2.3% increase in delta FMD (95% CI: 0.4-4.2; p=0.03). In a cohort of HIV-infected adults, an increase in subgingival Porphyromonas gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, was significantly associated with longitudinal increases in IMT, while increased gingival recession, which herein may represent PD resolution, was significantly associated with longitudinal improvement in FMD. In the context of HIV infection, PD may contribute to CVD risk. Intervention studies treating PD may help clarify this association.
| S-EPMC3206743 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Identification of blood biomarkers that prospectively predict progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease might lead to interventions that combat the tuberculosis epidemic. We aimed to assess whether global gene expression measured in whole blood of healthy people allowed identification of prospective signatures of risk of active tuberculosis disease. RESULTS:Between July 6, 2005, and April 23, 2007, we enrolled 6363 from the ACS study and 4466 from independent South African and Gambian cohorts. 46 progressors and 107 matched controls were identified in the ACS cohort. A 16 gene signature of risk was identified. The signature predicted tuberculosis progression with a sensitivity of 66·1% (95% CI 63·2â68·9) and a specificity of 80·6% (79·2â82·0) in the 12 months preceding tuberculosis diagnosis. The risk signature was validated in an untouched group of adolescents (p=0·018 for RNA sequencing and p=0·0095 for qRT-PCR) and in the independent South African and Gambian cohorts (p values <0·0001 by qRT-PCR) with a sensitivity of 53·7% (42·6â64·3) and a specificity of 82·8% (76·7â86) in 12 months preceding tuberculosis. Interpretation: The whole blood tuberculosis risk signature prospectively identified people at risk of developing active tuberculosis, opening the possibility for targeted intervention to prevent the disease. In this prospective cohort study, we followed up healthy, South African adolescents aged 12â18 years from the adolescent cohort study (ACS) who were infected with M tuberculosis for 2 years. We collected blood samples from study participants every 6 months and monitored the adolescents for progression to tuberculosis disease. A prospective signature of risk was derived from whole blood RNA sequencing data by comparing participants who developed active tuberculosis disease (progressors) with those who remained healthy (matched controls). After adaptation to multiplex qRT-PCR, the signature was used to predict tuberculosis disease in untouched adolescent samples and in samples from independent cohorts of South African and Gambian adult progressors and controls. Participants of the independent cohorts were household contacts of adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease.
2016-03-22 | E-GEOD-79362 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder that results from the increasing prevalence of obesity, which has been an increasing concern in recent years. Previous evidence indicated that MetS was associated with mortality; however, different definitions of MetS were used. In 2005, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III updated the definition of MetS, which has since been widely adopted. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a novel study among other populations and countries with a larger sample size using the updated definition of MetS and death code to examine the association of MetS with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the associations of MetS with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsA total of 36,414 adults were included in this study, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) and the continuous NHANES (1999-2014) in the United States. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through December 31, 2015. MetS was defined by the NCEP ATP III-2005 criterion. Complex survey design factors including sample weights, clustering, and stratification were considered for all analyses with instructions for using NHANES data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality from all causes, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.ResultsWe observed 8494 deaths during the 16.71 years of follow-up. Compared with those without MetS, individuals with MetS were associated with a significantly elevated multiadjusted HR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.16-1.33), 1.44 (95% CI 1.25-1.66), and 5.15 (95% CI 3.15-8.43) for all cause, heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus, respectively, whereas no significant association was found for cancer mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.95-1.43).ConclusionsOur study provides additional evidence that MetS and its components are significantly associated with all-cause, heart disease, and diabetes mortality, but not with cancer mortality. Health care professionals should pay more attention to MetS and its individual component.
| S-EPMC10509744 | biostudies-literature