The lncRNA DEANR1 facilitates human endoderm differentiation by activating FOXA2 expression.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jiang W
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7721200 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate diverse biological processes including cell lineage specification. Here we report transcriptome profiling of human endoderm and pancreatic cell lineages using purified cell populations. Analysis of the data sets allowed the identification of hundreds of lncRNAs exhibiting differentiation stage-specific expression patterns. As a first step in characterizing these lncRNAs, we focus on an endoderm-specific lncRNA DEANR1 (Definitive Endoderm Associated long Non-coding RNA1) and demonstrate that it plays an important role in human endoderm differentiation. DEANR1 contributes to endoderm differentiation by positively regulating endoderm factor FOXA2 expression. Importantly, overexpression of FOXA2 is able to rescue endoderm differentiation defects caused by DEANR1 depletion. Mechanistically, DEANR1 facilitates FOXA2 activation by helping SMAD2/3 recruitment to the FOXA2 promoter. Thus, our study not only reveals a large set of differentiation stage-specific lncRNAs, but also characterizes a novel lncRNA important for endoderm differentiation.
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Project description:Transcriptome analysis has uncovered a series of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed during cell differentiation, but how lncRNA is integrated with known transcriptional regulatory network is poorly understood. Here, we utilize human definitive endoderm differentiation as a model system and decipher the functional interaction between lncRNA and key transcriptional factor. We have identified GATA6-AS1, an lncRNA divergently transcribed from the GATA6 locus, is highly expressed during endoderm differentiation. Knockdown of GATA6-AS1 in human pluripotent stem cells has no influence on morphology and pluripotency; however, GATA6-AS1 depletion causes the deficiency of definitive endoderm differentiation. GATA6-AS1 positively regulates the expression of endoderm key factor GATA6. Further investigation shows GATA6-AS1 interacts with SMAD2/3 and activates the transcription of GATA6. In addition, overexpression of GATA6 is able to rescue the defect of endoderm differentiation due to the absence of GATA6-AS1, suggesting that GATA6 is the functional target of GATA6-AS1 during endoderm differentiation. Ultimately, our study reveals that GATA6-AS1 is necessary for human endoderm specification and reveals the underlying mechanism between GATA6-AS1 and GATA6.
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Project description:For pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative therapy against diabetes, the differentiation efficiency to pancreatic lineage cells needs to be improved based on the mechanistic understanding of pancreatic differentiation. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic endoderm differentiation by searching for factors that regulate a crucial pancreatic endoderm marker gene, NKX6.1. Unbiasedly screening an siRNA knockdown library, we identified a candidate transcription factor, HHEX. HHEX knockdown suppressed the expression of another pancreatic endoderm marker gene, PTF1A, as well as NKX6.1, independently of PDX1, a known regulator of NKX6.1 expression. In contrast, the overexpression of HHEX upregulated the expressions of NKX6.1 and PTF1A. RNA-seq analysis showed decreased expressions of several genes related to pancreatic development, such as NKX6.1, PTF1A, ONECUT1 and ONECUT3, in HHEX knockdown pancreatic endoderm. These results suggest that HHEX plays a key role in pancreatic endoderm differentiation.
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Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in diverse biological process, including embryonic development and cell differentiation. Extensive studies have revealed the function and mechanism of those lncRNAs adjacent to protein-coding genes (PCGs), but there are relatively fewer reports about the lncRNAs within gene desert, particularly in human early germ layer differentiation. Here based on transcriptome analysis during human definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation, we identified a “desert” lncRNA named CTD-2501M5.1, a cytoplasm-located transcript with no protein-coding gene nearby within the 50 kb genomic region, highly expressed in human definitive endoderm. Depletion of CTD-2501M5.1 by either shRNA or promoter deletion could cause the deficiency of DE differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The biochemical analysis showed that CTD-2501M5.1 functionally interacted with insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1, also named IMP1), which is necessary for endoderm differentiation demonstrated by loss-of-function assay. We further found depletion of CTD-2501M5.1 could result in reduced WNT signaling activities. More importantly, manipulating WNT activity by chemicals could rescue the phenotype of DE deficiency due to the depletion of CTD-2501M5.1 or IMP1. Mechanistically, CTD-2501M5.1 facilitated the interaction between IMP1 and FZD5 mRNA, stabilizing FZD5 which is required for WNT signaling activation and DE differentiation. Ultimately, our study not only revealed the biological function of a novel desert lncRNA CTD-2501M5.1 in human DE differentiation, but also underlined lncRNA-mediated mRNA stability regulation via IMP1.
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