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Influences of chemically controlled Ca-bearing minerals in chitosan on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency.

ABSTRACT: Highly purified chitosan was generally preferred for heavy metal (HM) removal and the preparation parameters varied largely without any agreement. This study investigated to the influences of chitin with different purities on the HM removal of corresponding chitosan. Sea shrimp waste was used as raw materials and Pb²⁺ was used as target HM. The results of orthogonal experimental analysis showed that only acid concentration played an important role in the deproteinization and demineralization processes of the chitin preparation under HCl, H₂SO₄ and CH₃COOH treatment. Ca-bearing minerals (CBM) but not free -NH₂ group of chitosan played a major role in the removal of Pb²⁺ from solution. Partly purified chitosan mainly removed Pb²⁺ by precipitation and then biosorption. The dissociation of Ca²⁺ from CBM elevated pH value of Pb²⁺ solution which benefited to precipitation and the formation of NH₂-Pb²⁺. Partly purified chitosan prepared from HCl and CH₃COOH treated chitin showed 720-753 mg/g of Pb²⁺ adsorption at the initial pH value of 6.0; however, highly purified chitosan prepared from HCl treated chitin showed only 45-160 mg/g. Chitosan prepared from H₂SO₄ treated chitin showed 720-752 mg/g of Pb²⁺ adsorption. This research found the unexplored information for the industrial application of chitosan with minimum cost but the highest HM removal efficiency.

SUBMITTER: Alam O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7721843 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundLead-212 (212Pb, t1/2 = 10.6 h) and lead-203 (203Pb, t1/2 = 51.9 h) are an element-equivalent, or a matched theranostic radioisotope pair that show great potential for application in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), respectively. At TRIUMF we have produced both 203Pb and 212Pb using TRIUMF's TR13 (13 MeV) and 500 MeV cyclotrons, and subsequently purified and evaluated both radioisotopes using a series of pyridine-modified DOTA analogues in comparison to the commercially available chelates DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and TCMC (1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1,4,7,10-tetra(2-carbamoylmethyl)cyclododecane).ResultsProton irradiation (12.8 MeV) of natural and enriched thallium-203 (203Tl) targets gave 203Pb saturation yields of 134 ± 25 and 483 ± 3 MBq/μA, respectively. Thorium-228 (228Th, t1/2 = 1.9 y), a by-product of 232Th proton spallation on TRIUMF's main 500 MeV beamline (beamline 1A, BL1A), was recovered to build a 228Th/212Pb generator with the ability to deliver up to 9-10 MBq of 212Pb daily. Both lead isotopes were purified via solid phase extraction chromatography (Pb resin), and isolated in an acetate form ([203/212Pb]Pb(OAc)2) suitable for direct radiolabeling of chelators and bioconjugates. A series of cyclen-based chelators (herein referred to as DOTA-1Py, -2Py, and -3Py) along with established chelates DOTA and TCMC were evaluated for their ability to complex both 203Pb and 212Pb. All chelates incorporated 212Pb/203Pb efficiently, with higher radiolabeling yields observed for the 212Pb-complexes.ConclusionThe production of 203Pb and 212Pb was established using TRIUMF 13 MeV and 500 MeV cyclotrons, respectively. Both production methods provided radiometals suitable for subsequent radiolabeling reactions using known and novel chelates. Furthermore, the novel chelate DOTA-3Py may be a good candidate for biomolecule conjugation and further theranostic 212Pb/203Pb studies.

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Influences of chemically controlled Ca-bearing minerals in chitosan on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency.

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Influences of chemically controlled Ca-bearing minerals in chitosan on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency.