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Risk factors and events in the adult intensive care unit associated with pain as self-reported at the end of the intensive care unit stay.

ABSTRACT: Background: The short-term and long-term consequences of the most frequent painful procedures performed in the ICU are unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with pain-related discomfort perceived by critically ill patients during the whole ICU stay as self-reported by patients at the end of their ICU stay.

Methods: The study involved 34 ICUs. Adult patients who survived an ICU stay of 3 calendar days or more were eligible for inclusion. Discomforts, including the pain-related discomfort, were assessed using the French 18-item questionnaire on discomfort in ICU patients, the "Inconforts des Patients de REAnimation" (IPREA). Patients scored each item from 0 (minimal discomfort) to 10 (maximal discomfort). Associations between patient characteristics at ICU admission, life support therapies and main potentially painful procedures performed during the ICU stay and pain-related discomfort scores assessed at the end of the ICU stay were analyzed.

Results: Patients with complete IPREA questionnaires (n?=?2130) were included. The median pain-related discomfort score was 3 (IQR 0-5). From the univariate analysis, pain-related discomfort scores were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with ICU stay duration; surgical patients reported significant higher pain-related discomfort scores than medical patients; chest drain insertion, chest drain removal, use of bladder catheter, central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, complex dressing change, and intra-hospital transport were associated with pain-related discomfort scores. From the multivariate analyses using generalized estimating equations models, only age, chest drain removal, use of a bladder catheter, CVC insertion, and intra-hospital transport were the main risk factors associated with pain-related discomfort scores.

Conclusion: Patients who underwent chest drain removal, bladder catheter, CVC insertion, and intra-hospital transport during their ICU stay reported higher pain-related discomfort scores (with respect to the whole ICU stay and assessed at the end of their ICU stay) than patients who did not experience these events. This study may pave the way for further targeted studies aiming at investigating a causal link between these common procedures in the ICU and adult critically ill patients' perceptions of their ICU stay regarding recalled pain.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT02442934, retrospectively registered on May 13, 2015.

SUBMITTER: Kalfon P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7722444 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk factors and events in the adult intensive care unit associated with pain as self-reported at the end of the intensive care unit stay.

Kalfon Pierre P Boucekine Mohamed M Estagnasie Philippe P Geantot Marie-Agnès MA Berric Audrey A Simon Georges G Floccard Bernard B Signouret Thomas T Fromentin Mélanie M Nyunga Martine M Audibert Juliette J Ben Salah Adel A Mauchien Bénédicte B Sossou Achille A Venot Marion M Robert René R Follin Arnaud A Renault Anne A Garrouste-Orgeas Maïté M Collange Olivier O Levrat Quentin Q Villard Isabelle I Thevenin Didier D Pottecher Julien J Patrigeon René-Gilles RG Revel Nathalie N Vigne Coralie C Azoulay Elie E Mimoz Olivier O Auquier Pascal P Baumstarck Karine K

Critical care (London, England) 20201207 1

<h4>Background</h4>The short-term and long-term consequences of the most frequent painful procedures performed in the ICU are unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with pain-related discomfort perceived by critically ill patients during the whole ICU stay as self-reported by patients at the end of their ICU stay.<h4>Methods</h4>The study involved 34 ICUs. Adult patients who survived an ICU stay of 3 calendar days or more were eligible for inclusion. Discomforts, inclu ...[more]

PMID: 33287910

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Project description:BackgroundAortic cross-clamp utilized during cardiac surgery facilitates motionless and bloodless surgical field. However, the duration of clamp time has an inverse effect on early post-operative recovery period. In this study, we sought to examine the predictors of aortic clamp duration and intensive care unit length of stay.ResultsSix hundred and nine adult patients presented for elective cardiac surgery between December 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 82 years (mean 55.62 years, SD ± 12.3 years). Male/female ratio is 4.6:1. Most patients (87.2%) were planned for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 78 patients (12.8%) for single heart valve procedure. Operative time (OT) ranged from 120 to 402 min and averaged 259.4 min (SD ± 45.9 min). ACC time ranged from 15 to 159 min and averaged 50.56 min (SD ± 19.4 min). Factors associated with significantly longer ACCT were: smoking (OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.3-2.74), p value = 0.01), respiratory disease (OR = 0.48 (95% CI 0.24-0.96), p value = 0.039), obesity (OR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.18-2.63), p value = 0.005) and AVR (OR = 2.11 (95% CI 1.17-3.83), p value = 0.013). Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) was observed in 19.2% of patients. Longer than average ACCT was associated with increased use of inotropes (p value < 0.001), intra-aortic balloon pump (p value < 0.001) and first 24 h post-operative blood loss (p value < 0.001). The average intensive care unit length of stay (ICULOS) was 1.64 days (SD ± 1.1 days). Patients' ACCT converged positively and significantly on ICULOS (Beta coefficient = 1.013 (95% CI 1.01-1.015), p value < 0.001).ConclusionAortic cross-clamping is a crucial method in cardiac surgery to achieve motionless field; however, prolongation of this method had an incremental risks for the development of low cardiac output syndrome, increased first 24 h post-operative blood loss and longer stay in the intensive care unit.

Dataset Information

Risk factors and events in the adult intensive care unit associated with pain as self-reported at the end of the intensive care unit stay.

Publications

Risk factors and events in the adult intensive care unit associated with pain as self-reported at the end of the intensive care unit stay.

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