COVID-19 vaccines and neglected pregnancy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dashraath P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7723327 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectivePregnancy is a known risk factor for severe Coronavirus disease 2019. It is important to develop safe vaccines that elicit strong maternal and fetal antibody responses.MethodsRegistries (ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO Clinical Trial Registry, and the European Union Clinical Trial Registry) and databases (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Proquest, Springer, medRxiv, and bioRxiv) were systematically searched in June 20-22, 2021, for research articles pertaining to Covid-19 and pregnancy. Manual searches of bioRxiv and medRxiv were also conducted. Inclusion criteria were studies that focused on Covid-19 vaccination among pregnant women, while review articles and non-human studies were excluded. Infection rate, maternal antibody response, transplacental antibody transfer, and adverse events were described.ResultsThere were 13 observational studies with a total of 48,039 pregnant women who received mRNA vaccines. Of those, three studies investigated infection rate, six studies investigated maternal antibody response, seven studies investigated antibody transfer, three studies reported local adverse events, and five studies reported systemic adverse events. The available data suggested that the mRNA-based vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) can prevent future SARS-CoV-2 infection. These vaccines did not show clear harm in pregnancy. The most commonly encountered adverse reactions were pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache, but these were transient. Antibody responses were rapid after the first vaccine dose. After the booster, antibody responses were stronger and associated with better transplacental antibody transfer. Longer intervals between first vaccination dose and delivery were also associated with higher antibody fetal IgG and a better antibody transfer ratio.ConclusionsThe SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are encouraged for pregnancy. These vaccines can be a safe option for pregnant women and their fetuses. Two vaccine doses are recommended for more robust maternal and fetal antibody responses. Longer latency is associated with higher fetal antibody responses. Further research about its long-term effect on pregnancy is needed.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42021261684).
| S-EPMC8809595 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, has affected the world on a pandemic scale resulting in catastrophic outcomes and deaths. Currently, there is limited safety data specific to mRNA vaccine use in pregnant or lactating individuals and the potential risks to a pregnant individual and the fetus are unknown. We report an updated literature review of current information and evidence available to aid in the decision whether to vaccinate against COVID-19 currently being made by pregnant individuals and their healthcare providers so that they are able to make a well-informed recommendation and decision.
| S-EPMC8652509 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article is a narrative review of the rapidly moving coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine field with an emphasis on clinical efficacy established in both randomized trials and postmarketing surveillance of clinically available vaccines. We review the major clinical trials that supported authorization for general use of the Janssen (Ad.26.CoV2), Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), and Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccines and the publicly available postmarketing information with the goal of providing a broad, clinically relevant comparison of efficacy and safety. This review is primarily focused on the US market.
| S-EPMC8802612 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 is a pandemic of unprecedented proportions in recent human history. Less than 18 months since the onset of the pandemic, there are close to two hundred million confirmed cases and four million deaths worldwide. There have also been massive efforts geared towards finding safe and effective vaccines. By July 2021 there were 184 COVID-19 vaccine candidates in pre-clinical development, 105 in clinical development, and 18 vaccines approved for emergency use by at least one regulatory authority. These vaccines include whole virus live attenuated or inactivated, protein-based, viral vector, and nucleic acid vaccines. By mid-2021 three billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine have been administered around the world, mostly in high-income countries. COVID-19 vaccination provides hope for an end to the pandemic, if and only if there would be equal access and optimal uptake in all countries around the world.
| S-EPMC8272971 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Given the interest in the COVID mRNA vaccines, we sought to investigate how the RNA modification N1-methylpseudouridine (and its related modification, pseudouridine) is read by ribosomes and reverse transcriptases. By looking at reverse transcriptase data, we can gain information on how the modification affects duplex stability, which may have important consequences for the tRNA-mRNA interactions found in the ribosome.
2021-10-25 | GSE186464 | GEO
Project description:IntroductionThe advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Prospective evidence regarding safety for pregnant people and their developing fetuses is lacking. The aim of the COVID-19 Vaccines International Pregnancy Exposure Registry (C-VIPER) is to estimate the relative risk of obstetric, neonatal, and infant outcomes by comparing participants vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy to a reference group of people enrolled in the Pregistry International Pregnancy Exposure Registry (PIPER) who remained unvaccinated during pregnancy.MethodsThe C-VIPER and the PIPER are international, non-interventional, real-world cohort studies. Participants receiving a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy will be matched in the analyses by country and gestational age at enrollment to unvaccinated individuals. Self-enrolled and self-consented participants complete online questionnaires at enrollment, during pregnancy, and for 12 months after the delivery of a live infant. Where possible, outcomes are verified by medical records. The study aims to recruit at least 500 pregnancies for each approved or authorized vaccine and will last for 5 years for each product.ConclusionsBy collecting data for each vaccine brand, the C-VIPER will be able to determine individual safety profiles. The study design allows for analysis of the effects of exposure to COVID-19 vaccines during specific etiologically relevant periods of gestation. Although the sample size may be too small to detect associations with rare outcomes, the study will be used to generate hypotheses for future research. Ultimately, the C-VIPER should provide data that will allow pregnant people and their healthcare providers to make informed decisions about COVID-19 vaccination.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04705116. Registered on 12 January, 2021. EU PAS EUPAS39096. Registered on 20 January, 2021.
| S-EPMC9867833 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its unprecedented global societal and economic disruptive impact highlight the urgent need for safe and effective vaccines. Taking substantial advantages of versatility and rapid development, two mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 have completed late-stage clinical assessment at an unprecedented speed and reported positive results. In this review, we outline keynotes in mRNA vaccine development, discuss recently published data on COVID-19 mRNA vaccine candidates, focusing on those in clinical trials and analyze future potential challenges.
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Project description:Since the emergence of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2019, there has been an explosion of vaccine development. By 24 September 2020, a staggering number of vaccines (more than 200) had started preclinical development, of which 43 had entered clinical trials, including some approaches that have not previously been licensed for human vaccines. Vaccines have been widely considered as part of the exit strategy to enable the return to previous patterns of working, schooling and socializing. Importantly, to effectively control the COVID-19 pandemic, production needs to be scaled-up from a small number of preclinical doses to enough filled vials to immunize the world's population, which requires close engagement with manufacturers and regulators. It will require a global effort to control the virus, necessitating equitable access for all countries to effective vaccines. This review explores the immune responses required to protect against SARS-CoV-2 and the potential for vaccine-induced immunopathology. We describe the profile of the different platforms and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The review also addresses the critical steps between promising preclinical leads and manufacturing at scale. The issues faced during this pandemic and the platforms being developed to address it will be invaluable for future outbreak control. Nine months after the outbreak began we are at a point where preclinical and early clinical data are being generated for the vaccines; an overview of this important area will help our understanding of the next phases.
| S-EPMC7597597 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Memory T and B cells in lymphoid and mucosal tissues maintain long-term protection, though their generation following vaccination remains challenging to assess in humans. Here, we investigated immune memory generated to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines across blood, lymphoid organs, and lungs from 42 vaccinated organ donors aged 23-86, of whom 57% were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Using high-dimensional profiling, we reveal that Spike (S)-reactive memory T cells distribute in lymphoid organs and lungs, variably express tissue resident markers based on infection history, and exhibit site-specific compositions of effector and regulatory memory T cells. S-reactive B cells are mostly class-switched memory cells localized to lymphoid organs correlating with circulating antibodies. Importantly, tissue memory T cells are more stably maintained post-vaccination and over age and exhibit a bias towards regulatory cell functional profiles compared to circulating populations. Our results show that mRNA vaccines can induce heterogeneous memory populations across sites for protection and controlling immune pathology.
2024-11-06 | GSE261278 | GEO