Combinations of adverse childhood events and risk of postpartum depression among mothers enrolled in a home visiting program.
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ABSTRACT: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine how combinations of adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the risk of postpartum depression and the mediating role of prenatal social support.Methods
The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Questionnaire were used to measure the study's exposure and outcome. Among a cohort of 419 mothers enrolled in a home visiting (HV) program, latent class analyses were used to identify classes of ACEs exposure. General linear models assessed the risk of postpartum depression, and prenatal social support was examined as a mediator.Results
Four distinct classes of ACE exposure were identified. On the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale, mothers who were classified in Classes 1-3 scored higher by 2.6-4.4 points compared with women in Class 0. ACE class was found to be indirectly associated with postpartum depression scores through prenatal social support.Conclusions
Identifying combinations of ACEs in an HV program has the potential to improve the characterization of ACEs among low-income perinatal women in the United States. Elucidating how these combinations contribute to the risk of postpartum depression has the potential to identify women at increased risk, which can help HV programs prioritize prevention efforts.
SUBMITTER: Nidey N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7725898 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundAdolescence represents a critical period for the development of overweight that tracks into adulthood. This risk is significantly heightened for adolescents that become pregnant, many of whom experience postpartum weight retention. The aim of this study was to evaluate Balance Adolescent Lifestyle Activities and Nutrition Choices for Energy (BALANCE), a multicomponent obesity prevention intervention targeting postpartum adolescents participating in a national home visiting child development-parent education program.MethodsA group randomized, nested cohort design was used with 1325 adolescents, 694 intervention and 490 control, (mean age = 17.8 years, 52 % underrepresented minorities) located across 30 states. Participatory methods were used to integrate lifestyle behavior change strategies within standard parent education practice. Content targeted replacement of high-risk obesogenic patterns (e.g. sweetened drink and high fat snack consumption, sedentary activity) with positive behaviors (e.g. water intake, fruit and vegetables, increased walking). Parent educators delivered BALANCE through home visits, school based classroom-group meetings, and website activities. Control adolescents received standard child development information. Phase I included baseline to posttest (12 months); Phase II included baseline to follow-up (24 months).ResultsWhen compared to the control group, BALANCE adolescents who were ≥12 weeks postpartum were 89 % more likely (p = 0.02) to maintain a normal BMI or improve an overweight/obese BMI by 12 months; this change was not sustained at 24 months. When compared to the control group, BALANCE adolescents significantly improved fruit and vegetable intake (p = .03). In stratified analyses, water intake improved among younger BALANCE teens (p = .001) and overweight/obese BALANCE teens (p = .05) when compared to control counterparts. There were no significant differences between groups in sweetened drink and snack consumption or walking.ConclusionPrevention of postpartum weight retention yields immediate health benefits for the adolescent mother and may prevent the early development or progression of maternal obesity, which contributes to the intergenerational transmission of obesity to her offspring. Implementing BALANCE through a national home visiting organization may hold promise for promoting positive lifestyle behaviors associated with interruption of the progression of maternal obesity.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry NCT01617486 .
| S-EPMC4499890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Research on older children and high-resource families demonstrates that maternal improvement in depression often leads to parallel changes in parenting and child adjustment. It is unclear if this association extends to younger children and low-income mothers. This study examined if In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (IH-CBT), a treatment for depressed mothers participating in home visiting programs, contributes to improvements in parenting and child adjustment. Ninety-three depressed mothers in home visiting between 2 and 10 months postpartum were randomly assigned to IH-CBT (n = 47) plus home visiting or standard home visiting (SHV; n = 46). Mothers were identified via screening and subsequent diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Measures of depression, parenting stress, nurturing parenting, and child adjustment were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3 months follow-up. Results indicated that there were no differences between IH-CBT and controls on parenting and child adjustment. Low levels of depression were associated with decreased parenting stress and increased nurturing parenting. Improvement in depression was related to changes in parenting in low-income mothers participating in home visiting programs. IH-CBT was not independently associated with these improvements, although to the extent that treatment facilitated improvement; there were corresponding benefits to parenting. Child adjustment was not associated with maternal depression, a finding possibly attributed to the benefits of concurrent home visiting or measurement limitations. Future research should focus on longer-term follow-up, implications of relapse, and child adjustment in later years.
| S-EPMC4420724 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In 2019, the South Korean government established a plan to develop home visitation services for pregnant women and women with children below the age of 24 months and expand the services nationwide. Therefore, a national survey was needed to provide relevant information for the policy decision of whether to implement universal home visitation services by nurses for families with young children. To determine home visitation service needs in South Korea, 804 women who were pregnant or had children below the age of 24 months were selected as survey participants through stratified random sampling by region reflecting geographical distribution in numbers of births. Of them, 614 responded to survey questionnaires delivered via email. After excluding surveys with too short of a response time, extreme values, and incomplete answers, 500 participants’ responses were analyzed. Participants indicated whether they supported the provision of home visitation services and whether they were willing to utilize home visitation services. The survey also elicited responses regarding the level of needs for individual service items that could be delivered by nurses during home visits. The fieldwork was conducted by a consulting and research firm. The differences in whether respondents supported nurse home visitation services and intended to use nurse home visitation services according to mothers’ characteristics were examined using the chi-square test. In total, 88.0% of survey participants supported nurse home visitation services, and 81.2% indicated that they intended to receive the services. Most pregnant women and women with children below the age of 24 months responded positively to the various prenatal or postpartum services that nurses could provide during home visits. The percentages of support for the services and intention to use services were generally high among subgroups according to mothers’ characteristics. Therefore, universal home visitation services by nurses during pregnancy and in the postnatal period would be received well by Korean women.
| S-EPMC9352077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Young children living in historically marginalized families are at risk for becoming adolescents with obesity and subsequently adults with increased obesity-related morbidities. These risks are particularly acute for Hispanic children. We hypothesized that the prevention-focused, socioecological approach of the "Minding the Baby" (MTB) home visiting program might decrease the rate of childhood overweight and obesity early in life. METHODS:This study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study in which we include data collected during 2 phases of the MTB randomized controlled trial. First-time, young mothers who lived in medically underserved communities were invited to participate in the MTB program. Data were collected on demographics, maternal mental health, and anthropometrics of 158 children from birth to 2 years. RESULTS:More children in the intervention group had a healthy BMI at 2 years. The rate of obesity was significantly higher (P < .01) in the control group (19.7%) compared with the intervention group (3.3%) at this age. Among Hispanic families, children in the MTB intervention were less likely to have overweight or obesity (odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.78). CONCLUSIONS:Using the MTB program, we significantly lowered the rate of obesity among 2-year-old children living in low-socioeconomic-status communities. In addition, children of Hispanic mothers were less likely to have overweight or obesity at 2 years. Given the high and disproportionate national prevalence of Hispanic young children with overweight and obesity and the increased costs of obesity-related morbidities, these findings have important clinical, research, and policy implications.
| S-EPMC5810599 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesMothers with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are at elevated risk for postpartum mental illness and impairment in the mother-infant relationship. Interventions attending to maternal-infant interactions may improve outcomes for these parents and their children, but barriers to accessing in-person postpartum care limit uptake. We adapted a postpartum psychotherapy group for mothers with mental illness (e.g., mood, anxiety, trauma-related disorders) and ACE for live video-based delivery, and evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in an open-label pilot study.MethodsWe recruited adults with children (6-18 months) from a perinatal psychiatry program in Toronto, Canada. The intervention was a live video-based 12-week interactive psychotherapy group focused on maternal symptoms and maternal-infant relationships. The primary outcome was feasibility, including feasibility of recruitment and retention, fidelity of the intervention, and acceptability to patients and group providers. Maternal clinical outcomes were compared pre- to post-intervention, as secondary outcomes.ResultsWe recruited 31 participants (mean age 36.5 years (SD 3.9)) into 6 groups; 93.6% (n = 29) completed post-group questionnaires, and n = 20 completed an optional post-group acceptability interview. Mean weekly group attendance was 83% (IQR 80-87); one participant (3.2%) dropped out. All group components were implemented as planned, except for dyadic exercises where facilitator observation of dyads was replaced with unobserved mother-infant exercises followed by in-group reflection. Participant acceptability was high (100% indicated the virtual group was easy to access, beneficial, and reduced barriers to care). Mean maternal depressive [Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: 14.6 (SD 4.2) vs. 11.8 (SD 4.2), paired t, p = 0.005] and post-traumatic stress [Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5: 35.5 (SD 19.0) vs. 27.1 (SD 16.7)], paired t, p = 0.01] symptoms were significantly lower post vs. pre-group. No differences were observed on mean measures of anxiety, emotion regulation or parenting stress.ConclusionsRecruitment and retention met a priori feasibility criteria. There were significant pre- to post-group reductions in maternal depressive and post-traumatic symptoms, supporting proceeding to larger-scale implementation and evaluation of the intervention, with adaptation of dyadic exercises.
| S-EPMC10726650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionFamilies living in extreme poverty require interventions to support early-childhood development (ECD) due to broad risks. This longitudinal cluster randomised trial examines the effectiveness of Sugira Muryango (SM), a home-visiting intervention linked to Rwanda's social protection system to promote ECD and reduce violence compared with usual care (UC).MethodsFamilies with children aged 6-36 months were recruited in 284 geographical clusters across three districts. Cluster-level randomisation (allocated 1:1 SM:UC) was used to prevent diffusion. SM was hypothesised to improve child development, reduce violence and increase father engagement. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) and the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT) and anthropometric assessments of growth. Violence was assessed using questions from UNICEF Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) and Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Father engagement was assessed using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. Blinded enumerators conducted interviews and developmental assessments.ResultsA total of 541 SM families and 508 UC families were enrolled and included in the analyses. Study attrition (2.0% children; 9.6% caregivers) was addressed by hot deck imputation. Children in SM families improved more on gross motor (d=0.162, 95%?CI 0.065 to 0.260), communication (d=0.081, 95%?CI 0.005 to 0.156), problem solving (d=0.101, 95%?CI 0.002 to 0.179) and personal-social development (d=0.096, 95%?CI -0.015 to 0.177) on the ASQ-3. SM families showed increased father engagement (OR=1.592, 95%?CI 1.069 to 2.368), decreased harsh discipline (incidence rate ratio, IRR=0.741, 95%?CI 0.657 to 0.835) and intimate partner violence (IRR=0.616, 95%?CI:0.458 to 0.828). There were no intervention-related improvements on MDAT or child growth.ConclusionSocial protection programmes provide a means to deliver ECD intervention.Trial registration numberNCT02510313.
| S-EPMC7849888 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is unclear if surveillance bias (increased reports to Child Protective Services [CPS] related to program involvement) has a substantial impact on evaluation of home visiting (HV) prevention programs. We estimated surveillance bias using data from Connecticut's HV program, birth certificates, CPS, and hospitals. Using propensity score matching, we identified 15,870 families similar to 4015 HV families. The difference-in-differences approach was used to estimate surveillance bias as the change in investigated reports from the last 6 months of program involvement to the next 6 months. The median age of the children at program exit was 1.2 years (range: 60 days, 5 years). We estimated that 25.6% of investigated reports in the HV group resulted from surveillance bias. We reviewed CPS reports of 194 home-visited families to determine if a home visitor made the report and found that 10% were directly from home visitors. Program evaluations should account for surveillance bias.
| S-EPMC10722865 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionClinical trials have demonstrated significant impact in reducing weight and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the intensity of these trials limits their scalability to real world settings. The purpose of this study was to embed a lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese mothers within the routine practice of a parent education, home visiting organization.DesignPragmatic trial that used a stratified random design.Setting/participantsOverweight or obese mothers of preschool children located across St. Louis, Missouri, enrolled in Parents As Teachers, a home visiting organization reaching women and children nationwide.InterventionA lifestyle intervention derived from the Diabetes Prevention Program was embedded within Parents As Teachers entitled Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH).Main outcome measuresOutcomes included the proportion of women that achieved 5% weight loss at 24 months and improvements in clinical and behavioral outcomes at 12 and 24 months. Participants were enrolled from 2012 to 2014 and data analysis began in 2016.ResultsWomen in the usual care versus intervention group were significantly less likely to achieve 5% weight loss at 24 months (11% vs 26%, p=0.01). At 12 months, there was a 2.8-kg difference in weight between groups (p=0.0006), and by 24 months a 4.7-kg difference in weight (3.2 [SD=7.6] kg vs -1.5 [SD=8.3] kg, p=0.002); group differences in waist circumference were also evident by 12 months (2.1 [SD=8.4] cm vs -0.7 [SD=9.8] cm, p=0.04) and 24 months (3.8 [SD=10.6] cm vs -2.5 [SD=9.1] cm, p=0.005), as were improvements in behavioral outcomes. There was no difference in blood pressure between groups.ConclusionsHEALTH achieved modest but clinically significant weight loss outcomes, and reduced weight gain in mothers of young children. The scalability of this embedded intervention offers the potential to reach mothers in Parents As Teachers programs nationally.Trial registrationThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01567033.
| S-EPMC5826618 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Poverty and teenage pregnancy are common in low-and-middle-income countries and can impede the development of healthy parent-child relationships. This study aimed to test whether a home-visiting intervention could improve early attachment relationships between adolescent mothers and their infants living in poverty in Brazil. Analyses were conducted on secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial (NCT0280718) testing the efficacy of a home-visiting program, Primeiros Laços, on adolescent mothers' health and parenting skills and their infants' development. Pregnant youth were randomized to intervention (n = 40) or care-as-usual (CAU, n = 40) from the first trimester of pregnancy until infants were aged 24 months. Mother-infant attachment was coded during a mother-infant interaction when the infants were aged 12 months. Electrophysiological correlates of social processing (mean amplitude of the Nc component) were measured while infants viewed facial images of the mother and a stranger at age 6 months. Infants in the intervention group were more securely attached and more involved with their mothers than those receiving CAU at 12 months. Smaller Nc amplitudes to the mother's face at 6 months were associated with better social behavior at 12 months. Our findings indicate that the Primeiros Laços Program is effective in enhancing the development of mother-infant attachment.
| S-EPMC8596406 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to worsening overall health outcomes and psychological diagnoses. Routine screening, particularly in patients with postpartum depression (PPD), would identify patients who could benefit from interventions to prevent the perpetuation of ACEs and establish a system of preventative care to mitigate the risks of adverse health outcomes associated with high ACE scores. The purpose of this study is to explore the link between ACEs and PPD to advocate for the use of the ACE questionnaire as a routine screening tool in all pregnant patients diagnosed with PPD. We hypothesize that a cohort of patients with PPD will be more likely to have high-risk ACE scores than the general female population.Study designOur IRB approved, retrospective cohort study identified all patients diagnosed with PPD at an academic medical center between January 2015 and December 2019. The subjects were identified using retrospective chart review. Subjects were recruited via telephone and asked to complete an ACE questionnaire. Questionnaires were sent via RedCap. ACE scores were calculated, categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more ACEs, and compared to the prevalence in the original Kaiser-CDC ACE study female cohort using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.ResultsThere were 132/251 surveys completed (53% response rate). In our PPD population, 19.3% had 0 ACEs, 17.0% had 1 ACE, 13.1% had 2 ACEs, 16.5% had 3 ACEs, and 34.1% had 4 or more ACEs. These percentages were significantly different from the Kaiser-CDC ACE Study percentages of 34.5, 24.5, 15.5, 10.3, and 15.2%, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur unique study showed that women with PPD are more likely to have high-risk ACE scores than the general female population. This finding has important implications in regards to counseling, intervening to prevent perpetual ACEs, and establishing important provider-patient relationships for life-long preventative care.Non-gendered language is used when possible throughout. However, the wording from studies cited in this paper was preserved.
| S-EPMC9183059 | biostudies-literature