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Complete plastome genome of Pergularia tomentosa L. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae).

ABSTRACT: Pergularia tomentosa is a medicinal plant mainly found in Saudi Arabia, northern and southern Africa. In this study, we present the sequence of the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. tomentosa in order to evaluate the evolutionary relationship in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. The cp is 164,213 bp in lengh with 37.3% GC content, inverted repeat (IR) regions of 21,411 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 80,102 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,022 bp. It constitutes of 89 protien-coding genes, 44 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic relationship showed close relationship between P. tomentosa and other Asclepiadeae members with Marsedineae subtribe. The study will help for future research on evolutionary studies of Apoceanaceae.

SUBMITTER: Abba A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7748634 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:UnlabelledBACKGROUND AND AIMS The extreme complexity of asclepiad flowers (Asclepiadoideae-Apocynaceae) has generated particular interest in the pollination biology of this group of plants especially in the mechanisms involved in the pollination processes. This study compares two South American species, Morrenia odorata and Morrenia brachystephana, with respect to morphology and anatomy of flower structures, dynamic aspects of the pollination mechanism, diversity of visitors and effectiveness of pollinators.MethodsFloral structure was studied with fresh and fixed flowers following classical techniques. The pollination mechanism was studied by visiting fresh flowers in the laboratory with artificial pollinator body parts created with an eyelash. Morphometric and nectar measurements were also taken. Pollen transfer efficiency in the flowers was calculated by recording the frequency of removed and inserted pollinia. Visitor activity was recorded in the field, and floral visitors were captured for subsequent analysis of pollen loads. Finally, pollinator effectiveness was calculated with an index.Key resultsThe detailed structure of the flowers revealed a complex system of guide rails and chambers precisely arranged in order to achieve effective pollinaria transport. Morrenia odorata is functionally specialized for wasp pollination, and M. brachystephana for wasp and bee pollination. Pollinators transport chains of pollinaria adhered to their mouthparts.ConclusionsMorrenia odorata and M. brachystephana present differences in the morphology and size of their corona, gynostegium and pollinaria, which explain the differences in details of the functioning of the general pollination mechanism. Pollination is performed by different groups of highly effective pollinators. Morrenia species are specialized for pollination mainly by several species of wasps, a specialized pollination which has been poorly studied. In particular, pompilid wasps are reported as important pollinators in other regions outside South Africa. A putative new function of nectar in asclepiads is presented, as it would be contributing to the pollination mechanism.

Dataset Information

Complete plastome genome of Pergularia tomentosa L. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae).

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