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Detection and molecular characterization of rotavirus of pigs in Kerala, India.

ABSTRACT: Group A rotaviruses (GAR) are an important cause of diarrhoea in infants and newborn animals especially pigs. In this paper, we report the detection, G and P typing and phylogenetic analysis of GAR of pigs in Kerala. A total of 100 fecal samples from diarrhoeic piglets were collected from organized farms in Wayanad, Ernakulam, Thrissur, and Palakkad districts of Kerala. The samples were tested for the presence of GAR employing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting VP6 gene. Positive samples were tested by G and P genotyping primers and representative amplicons were sequenced. Of the 100 samples, 12 were positive for GAR. The G and P types detected were G2, G4, G5, G6, G9, P[6] and P[19]. An untypable P type (P21-5 like) was also detected. In some of the samples more than one G type was detected. The nucleotide sequences of G2, G4 and G5 types were similar to those seen in pigs and that of G6 was similar to bovine sequences. G9, P[6] and P[19] sequences showed similarity to human rotavirus sequences. The findings of this study provide the first information on the G and P genotypes of GAR of pigs in Kerala.

SUBMITTER: Logeshwaran G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7749024 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundHuman parvovirus B19V is a DNA virus, and a member of the family Parvoviridae, that causes various clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to persistent infection that is associated with different autoimmune diseases. The parvovirus B19 evolves with a very high mutation rate that is closer to those of existing RNA viruses. Globally circulating B19V is currently classified into three genotypes, but their distribution is not spatially and temporally correlated. Except for a few recent reports on B19V entry into the human host and its genetic diversity, there is a lack of sufficient studies on this virus from distinct geographical locations and no clear understanding of its evolution has been documented.MethodsTo better understand the evolution of the Human parvo B19V virus from India's southern part, a geographically distinct location with no reports of B19V genomes, we have screened for B19V in 456 suspected cases using VP1/2 surface marker genes, and its characteristics were studied in detail. Amongst 456 clinically suspected B19V samples, 7.2% (33/456) were found positive by nested PCR (nPCR) were subsequently validated by real-time PCR, Sanger sequencing, and metagenome analysis.ResultsHuman parvovirus B19 infection was shown among 33 of 456 patients when tested by nPCR; 30 among these were also positive by qPCR and were subsequently confirmed by sequencing 75% nPCR positive samples and 76% qPCR positive samples were from patients with age. ≥ 50 years respectively (Additional file 1: Table S1). The complete VP1/2 gene assembly from the South Indian strain showed three novel mutations (T122A, V128I, I283V), which might significantly impact the stability and virulence of the B19V virus circulating in this part of the world. These mutations might be crucial for its adaptive evolutionary strategies facilitating the spread and infectivity potential of the virus. In maximum likelihood phylogeny of VP1/2 sequences, the South Indian B19V strain forms a separate clade closer to the existing genotype two strains circulating worldwide.ConclusionOur study contributes to a better understanding of the human parvovirus's genetic and evolutionary characteristics in South India. Also, it highlights the possibility that a positive selection pressure acting on VP1/2 could increase the survival and replication capabilities of the viruses.

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Detection and molecular characterization of rotavirus of pigs in Kerala, India.

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