Pediatric Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis in the USA: A National KID Database Analysis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rehm A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7749882 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPrior reports suggest that osteoarticular infections may be increasing over time.Questions/purposesWe sought to determine if incidence rates, median in-hospital costs, and length of stay (LOS) of osteomyelitis, septic arthritis (SA), and combined infections have changed over time for pediatric patients, and how they compare to previously reported rates.MethodsThe Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), a US national sample of pediatric hospital discharge records from 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012, was used to determine yearly estimated counts of infections in children 20 years of age or younger. US census data was used to calculate yearly incidence rates. Trend tests using linear contrast analysis were used to compare estimated median LOS and inflation-adjusted median costs over time for each type of infection.ResultsFrom 1997 through 2012, the incidence rate of osteomyelitis increased from 7.9 to 10.5 per 100,000, SA was unchanged from 5.3 to 5.2 per 100, and combined infections increased from 0.8 to 1.3 per 100,000. Median LOS from 1997 to 2012 showed no significant change for osteomyelitis (5.0 to 4.9 days), SA (4.4 to 4.1 days), or combined infections (6.5 to 6.8 days). Median in-hospital costs from 1997 to 2012 increased for osteomyelitis ($7735 to $11,823), SA ($5041 to $10,574), and combined infections ($12,691 to $16,260).ConclusionIn pediatric patients, the estimated incidence rate of SA appeared stable, while rates of osteomyelitis and combined infections increased. These estimated rates fall within previously reported ranges. Despite stable LOS, costs have increased over time.
| S-EPMC6609663 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A case of Bordetella petrii septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in an elbow resulted from a dirt bike accident in Hawaii. Two months of intravenous antibiotics and repeated surgeries were required to cure this infection. Our case, and literature review, suggests that extended-spectrum penicillins, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are good treatment options.
| S-EPMC4390665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study evaluated incidence over time, any association between race and demographics, and hospital-related parameters in pediatric patients with septic hip or knee arthritis.MethodsThe Kids' Inpatient Database was used to identify all children with a diagnosis of septic hip or knee arthritis who underwent incision and drainage (1997-2012).ResultsBetween 1997 and 2012, overall incidence of septic arthritis of the knee (0.20-0.33 per 100,000) and hip (0.12-0.18 per 100,000) increased.ConclusionIncidence of pediatric septic joint arthritis, an emergent orthopaedic condition, has increased over time. Patient demographics may vary with respect to both age and race.
| S-EPMC6329196 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the first-year features of patients with chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of CNO, disease duration of under 13 months, and first registration in the German National Pediatric Rheumatologic Database (NPRD) between 2009 and 2018 were included in this cross-sectional analysis.ResultsOf 774 documented patients, 62.8% were female, and all patients had a median age of 11 years. The most affected clinical sites were the tibia (29.7%), pelvis (28.0%), and femur (27.8%). HLA-B27 was positive in 48 of 314 analyzed patients (15.3%). In 406 patients, an X-ray was performed at the first visit; X-ray results showed osteosclerosis/-lysis in 34.0% and hyperostosis in 14.5% of the patients. MRI scans (focal and whole-body scans) were performed in 648 patients, and 81.5% showed a positive TIRM/STIR signal. A total of 84.7% of the patients were administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 9.6% were administered oral glucocorticoids, 10.8% were administered disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and 6.1% were administered bisphosphonates. An evaluation of the patient's questionnaire showed an overall well-being (NRS 0-10) of 2.0. The PedCNO disease "activity" score revealed a 70% improvement in variables in 43% of patients in the initial 1-year follow-up. Copresentation with diagnostic criteria of pediatric enthesitis-related arthritis was rare.ConclusionTo our knowledge, the NPRD cohort seemed to be the largest cohort of children and adolescents suffering from CNO worldwide. Most patients were treated effectively with NSAIDs, and only a small group of patients was administered additional medication. The patient-defined measures of disease activity had a moderate impact on patients' daily lives.Trial registrationNot applicable.
| S-EPMC8573927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn the management of pediatric osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, delay in treatment may affect outcome, while receipt of antibiotics prior to culture may affect culture results. We aimed to determine if pathogen identification decreased in cultures that were pretreated with antibiotics.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 584 hospitalized children between 30 days and 18 years of age admitted to two tertiary children's hospitals. Logistic regression assessed the effect of antibiotic duration on blood, bone, joint aspirate, and "other" culture positivity.ResultsOverall, 42% of blood cultures, 70% of bone cultures, 39% of joint cultures, and 70% of "other" cultures were positive. Compared with children who did not receive antibiotics prior to culture, there were no significant differences in odds of a positive culture in children whose cultures were pretreated with antibiotics for any of the culture types [OR (95% CI) 0.90 (0.56-1.44) for blood cultures, 0.77 (0.25-2.34) for bone cultures, 0.71 (0.39-1.28) for joint cultures, 1.18 (0.58-2.41) "for other" cultures; all p > 0.05]. Furthermore, the duration (hours) of antibiotics in the pretreated cultures was also not a significant predictor of culture positivity (OR ranged from 0.99-1.00 for all cultures, p > 0.05).ConclusionsCulture positivity was not associated with antibiotic pretreatment in any of the samples, even for longer duration of antibiotics prior to culture, though the small sample size of subgroups is an important limitation. In pediatric patients hospitalized with osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis, early initiation of antibiotics may not affect culture positivity.
| S-EPMC8361620 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe epidemiology of pediatric septic arthritis, such as annual hospitalization rates and disparities by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, remains unclear.MethodsWe obtained hospital discharge records of patients under the age of 20 years with septic arthritis from the kids inpatient database for 2006, 2009 and 2012. We weighted the records to estimate the number of hospitalizations in the US and calculated the annual rates of hospitalization due to septic arthritis. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess risk factors associated with comorbidities of osteomyelitis and bacteremia/septicemia.ResultsOverall annual hospitalization rates showed a decreasing trend (4.23, 3.64, and 3.28 per 100,000 children in 2006, 2009, and 2012, respectively). Children who were male, white or black, and between the ages of 0-4 years were more likely to have higher hospitalization rates than others. The proportions of hospitalizations were high among children living in lower-income areas. Large joints at the lower limbs were the most frequently affected sites of infection. Infections of large joints and age category of 10-14 years were the factors that were significantly associated with comorbidities of osteomyelitis and bacteremia/septicemia.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a change in the epidemiological patterns of pediatric septic arthritis and identified risk factors associated with comorbidities of osteomyelitis and bacteremia/septicemia.
| S-EPMC5496210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determine whether kidney transplants performed during a weekend had worse outcomes than those performed during weekdays.Retrospective national database study.United Network for Organ Sharing database of the USA.136,715 adult recipients of deceased donor single organ kidney transplants in the USA between 4/1994 and 9/2010.The primary outcomes were patient survival and death-censored and overall allograft survival. Secondary outcomes included initial length of hospital stay after transplantation, delayed allograft function, acute rejection within the first year of transplant, and patient and allograft survival at 1 month and at 1 year after transplantation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the impact of weekend kidney transplant surgery on primary and secondary outcomes, adjusting for multiple covariates.Among the 136,715 kidney recipients, 72.5% underwent transplantation during a regular weekday (Monday-Friday) and 27.5% during a weekend (Saturday-Sunday). No significant association was noted between weekend transplant status and patient survival, death-censored allograft survival or overall allograft survival in the adjusted analyses (HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.04), 1.012 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.034), 1.012 (95% CI 0.984 to 1.04), respectively). In addition, no significant association was noted between weekend transplant status and the secondary outcomes of patient and graft survival at 1 month and 1 year, delayed allograft function or acute rejection within the first year. Results remained consistent across all definitions of weekend status.The outcomes for deceased donor kidney transplantation in the USA are not affected by the day of surgery. The operationalisation of deceased donor kidney transplantation may provide a model for other surgeries or emergency procedures that occur over the weekend, and may help reduce length of hospital stay and improve outcomes.
| S-EPMC4838691 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundReported complications of pediatric septic arthritis range from minor growth abnormalities to potentially life-threatening conditions and death; some children require multiple surgeries for eradication of infection. The purpose of this study is: (1) to determine the failure rate of a single surgical incision and drainage (I&D) in pediatric septic arthritis, (2) to identify risk factors for failure which are detectable at the time of initial presentation, and (3) to trend post-operative C-reactive protein (CRP) values to see if there is a difference between children who fail a single I&D and those who do not.MethodsThe medical records for 105 children who underwent operative management of septic arthritis were retrospectively reviewed. Single and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsEighty-four children required one surgical intervention [mean age 5.18 years (±4.01); 38 females (45 %), 46 males (55 %)], 21 children required revision surgery [mean age 8.16 years (±4.54); 4 females (19 %), 17 males (81 %)], and the overall rate of revision surgery was 20 %. Delayed diagnosis (p = 0.015), elevated CRP at presentation (p = 0.000), positive blood culture (p = 0.000), and age (p = 0.009) were all associated with revision surgery in bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, CRP at presentation and positive blood culture were significant risk factors for revision surgery (p = 0.005 and p = 0.025, respectively). Additionally, markedly elevated CRP levels on post-operative days (POD) 1-4 were each independently significant risk factors for requiring multiple surgeries (all p < 0.000). Fever, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocyte count were not risk factors for multiple surgeries.ConclusionsIn this study, a positive blood culture or marked elevation in CRP at presentation or on POD 1-4 were associated with revision surgery. These findings may help improve surgical planning for both the initial surgery in order to avoid revisions, as well as revision surgery, should it be indicated.Level of evidenceIII.
| S-EPMC4909651 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A data archive for microbiome and metabolome data for major soil types in the USA
| PRJEB37160 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundThe available data regarding morbidity and mortality associated with multiple gestation births is conflicting and contradicting.ObjectiveTo compare morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LOS) outcomes between multiple gestation (twin, triplet and higher-order) and singleton births.MethodsData from the national multicenter Kids' Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project from the years 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2016 were analyzed using a complex survey design using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary NC). Neonates with ICD9 and ICD10 codes indicating singletons, twins or triplets, and higher-order multiples were included. Mortality was compared between these groups after excluding transfer outs to avoid duplicate inclusion. To analyze LOS, we included inborn neonates and excluded transfers; who died inpatient and any neonates who appear to have been discharged less than 33 weeks PMA. The LOS was compared by gestational age groups.ResultsA total of 22,853,125 neonates were analyzed for mortality after applying inclusion-exclusion criteria; 2.96% were twins, and 0.13% were triplets or more. A total of 22,690,082 neonates were analyzed for LOS. Mean GA, expressed as mean (SD), for singleton, twins and triplets, were 38.30 (2.21), 36.39 (4.21), and 32.72 (4.14), respectively. The adjusted odds for mortality were similar for twin births compared to singleton (aOR: 1.004, 95% CI:0.960-1.051, p = 0.8521). The adjusted odds of mortality for triplet or higher-order gestation births were higher (aOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.128-1.575, p = 0.0008) when compared to the singleton births. Median LOS (days) was significantly longer in multiple gestation compared to singleton births overall (singletons: 1.59 [1.13, 2.19] vs. twins 3.29 [2.17, 9.59] vs. triplets or higher-order multiples 19.15 [8.80, 36.38], p < .0001), and this difference remained significant within each GA category.ConclusionMultiple gestation births have higher mortality and longer LOS when compared to singleton births. This population data from multiple centers across the country could be useful in counseling parents when caring for multiple gestation pregnancies.
| S-EPMC8554969 | biostudies-literature