Association Between Midlife Physical Activity and Incident Kidney Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Rationale & objective
Physical activity is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, which have shared risk factor profiles with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the relationship between physical activity and CKD. The objective was to evaluate the association between physical activity and CKD development over long-term follow-up using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Study design
Prospective cohort study.Setting & participants
14,537 participants aged 45 to 64 years.Predictors
Baseline physical activity status was assessed using the modified Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire at visit 1 (1987-1989) and categorized according to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans to group participants as inactive, insufficiently active, active, and highly active.Outcomes
Incident CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60mL/min/1.73m2 at follow-up and≥25% decline in eGFR relative to baseline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or initiation of kidney replacement therapy.Analytical approach
Cox proportional hazards regression.Results
At baseline, 37.8%, 24.2%, 22.7%, and 15.3% of participants were classified as inactive, insufficiently active, active, and highly active, respectively. During a median follow-up of 24 years, 33.2% of participants developed CKD. After adjusting for age, sex, race-center, education, smoking status, diet quality, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, and baseline eGFR, higher categories of physical activity were associated with lower risk for CKD compared with the inactive group (HRs for insufficiently active, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.88-1.02]; active, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-1.01]; highly active, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81-0.97]; P for trend = 0.007).Limitations
Observational design and self-reported physical activity that was based on leisure time activity only. Due to low numbers, participants who were not Black or White were excluded.Conclusions
Highly active participants had lower risk for developing CKD compared with inactive participants.
SUBMITTER: Parvathaneni K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7752844 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Rationale & objectiveObesity has been related to risk for chronic kidney disease. However, the associations of different measures of midlife obesity with long-term kidney function trajectories and whether they differ by sex and race are unknown.Study designObservational study.Setting & participants13,496 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.PredictorsMidlife obesity status as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat at baseline.OutcomesEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using serum creatinine level measured at 5 study visits, and incident kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT).Analytical approachMixed models with random intercepts and random slopes for eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models for KFRT.ResultsBaseline mean age was 54 years, median eGFR was 103mL/min/1.73m2, and median BMI was 27kg/m2. Over 30 years of follow-up, midlife obesity measures were associated with eGFR decline in White and Black women but not consistently in men. Adjusted for age, center, smoking, and coronary heart disease, the differences in eGFR slope per 1-SD higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat were 0.09 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.36), -0.25 (95% CI, -0.50 to 0.01), and-0.14 (95% CI, -0.41 to 0.13) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White men; -0.91 (95% CI, -1.15 to-0.67), -0.82 (95% CI, -1.06 to-0.58), and-1.02 (95% CI, -1.26 to-0.78) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White women; -0.70 (95% CI, -1.54 to 0.14), -1.60 (95% CI, -2.42 to-0.78), and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black men; and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40), -1.50 (95% CI, -2.05 to-0.95), and-1.43 (95% CI, -2.00 to-0.86) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black women. Obesity indicators were independently associated with risk for KFRT for all sex-race groups except White men.LimitationsLoss to follow-up during 3 decades of follow-up with 5 eGFR assessments.ConclusionsObesity status is a risk factor for future decline in kidney function and development of KFRT in Black and White women, with less consistent associations among men.
| S-EPMC7904650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Importance:Vascular risk factors have been associated with cognitive decline. Midlife exposure to these factors may be most important in conferring late-life risk of cognitive impairment. Objectives:To examine Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) participants in midlife and to explore associations between midlife vascular risk factors and 25-year dementia incidence. Design, Setting, and Participants:This prospective cohort investigation of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study was conducted from 1987-1989 through 2011-2013. The dates of this analysis were April 2015 through August 2016. The setting was ARIC field centers (Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and Minneapolis suburbs, Minnesota). The study comprised 15?744 participants (of whom 27.1% were black and 72.9% white) who were aged 44 to 66 years at baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures:Demographic and vascular risk factors were measured at baseline (obesity, smoking, diabetes, prehypertension, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) as well as presence of the APOE ?4 genotype. After the baseline visit, participants had 4 additional in-person visits, for a total of 5 in-person visits, hospitalization surveillance, telephone calls, and repeated cognitive evaluations. Most recently, in 2011-2013, through the ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS), participants underwent a detailed neurocognitive battery, informant interviews, and adjudicated review to define dementia cases. Additional cases were identified through the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified or informant interview, for participants not attending the ARIC-NCS visit, or by an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision dementia code during a hospitalization. Fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate associations of baseline vascular and demographic risk factors with dementia. Results:In total, 1516 cases of dementia (57.0% female and 34.9% black, with a mean [SD] age at visit 1 of 57.4 [5.2] years) were identified among 15 744 participants. Black race (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.21-1.54), older age (HR, 8.06; 95% CI, 6.69-9.72 for participants aged 60-66 years), lower educational attainment (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28-2.03 for less than a high school education), and APOE ?4 genotype (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.78-2.21) were associated with increased risk of dementia, as were midlife smoking (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.23-1.61), diabetes (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.53-2.04), prehypertension (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.51), and hypertension (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.59). The HR for dementia for diabetes was almost as high as that for APOE ?4 genotype. Conclusions and Relevance:Midlife vascular risk factors are associated with increased risk of dementia in black and white ARIC Study participants. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of and opportunities for prevention of the cognitive sequelae of these risk factors in midlife.
| S-EPMC5710244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Reduced lung function is associated with clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its association with incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). STUDY DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS:14,946 participants aged 45 to 64 years at baseline (1987-1989) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (45.0% men and 25.2% black), with follow-up through 2012. PREDICTORS:Race- and sex-specific quartiles of percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and the proportion of forced expiratory volume in 1 second of expiration to FVC (FEV1/FVC) at baseline determined with spirometry. OUTCOMES:Incident ESRD (defined here as renal replacement therapy or death due to CKD) as the primary outcome and incident CKD (defined here as ESRD, ?25% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate to a level <60mL/min/1.73m2, or CKD-related hospitalizations/deaths) as the secondary outcome. RESULTS:During a median follow-up of 23.6 years, 526 (3.5%) participants developed ESRD. After adjusting for potential confounders, the cause-specific HR of incident ESRD for the lowest (vs highest) quartile was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.31-2.26) for percent-predicted FVC and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.03-1.73) for FEV1/FVC. Compared to a high-normal lung function pattern, a mixed pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC<80% and FEV1/FVC<70%; 3.4% of participants) demonstrated the highest adjusted cause-specific HR of ESRD at 2.28 (95% CI, 1.50-3.45), followed by the restrictive pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC<80% and FEV1/FVC?70%; 4.8% of participants) at 2.03 (95% CI, 1.47-2.81), obstructive pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC?80% and FEV1/FVC<70%; 18.9% of participants) at 1.47 (95% CI, 1.09-1.99), and low-normal pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC 80%-<100% and FEV1/FVC?70%, or percent-predicted FVC?80% and FEV1/FVC 70%-<75%; 44.3% of participants) at 1.21 (95% CI, 0.94-1.55). Similar associations were seen with incident CKD. LIMITATIONS:Limited number of participants with moderate/severe lung dysfunction and spirometry only at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:Reduced lung function, particularly lower percent-predicted FVC, is independently associated with CKD progression. Our findings suggest a potential pathophysiologic contribution of reduced lung function to the development of CKD and a need for monitoring kidney function in persons with reduced lung function.
| S-EPMC5651181 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE:The relationship between hypertension, antihypertension medication use, and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time among individuals with preserved GFR requires investigation. STUDY DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS:14,854 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PREDICTORS:Baseline hypertension status (1987-1989) was categorized according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Practice Guideline as normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension without medication, or stage 2 hypertension with medication. OUTCOMES:Slope of estimated GFR (eGFR) at 5 study visits over 30 years. ANALYTICAL APPROACH:Mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes were fit to evaluate the association between baseline hypertension status and slope of eGFR. RESULTS:At baseline, 13.2%, 7.3%, and 19.4% of whites and 15.8%, 14.9%, and 39.9% of African Americans had stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension without medication, and stage 2 hypertension with medication. Compared with those with normal blood pressure, the annual eGFR decline was greater in people with higher blood pressure (whites: elevated blood pressure, -0.11mL/min/1.73m2; stage 1 hypertension, -0.15mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension without medication, -0.36mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension with medication, -0.17mL/min/1.73m2; African Americans: elevated blood pressure, -0.21mL/min/1.73m2; stage 1 hypertension, -0.16mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension without medication, -0.50mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension with medication, -0.16mL/min/1.73m2). The 30-year predicted probabilities of developing chronic kidney disease stage G3a+with normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension without medication, or stage 2 hypertension with medication among whites were 54.4%, 61.6%, 64.7%, 78.1%, and 70.9%, respectively, and 55.4%, 62.8%, 60.9%, 76.1%, and 66.6% among African Americans. LIMITATIONS:Slope estimated using a maximum of 5 eGFR assessments; differential loss to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Compared to normotension, baseline hypertension status was associated with faster kidney function decline over 30-year follow-up in a general population cohort. This difference was attenuated among people using antihypertensive medications.
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Project description:Decreased kidney function and kidney damage may predate hypertension, but only a few studies have investigated both types of markers simultaneously, and these studies have obtained conflicting results.Cross-sectional for prevalent and prospective observational study for incident hypertension.9,593 participants from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study, aged 53-75 years in 1996-1998.Several markers of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate using serum creatinine and/or cystatin C and 2 novel markers [?-trace protein and ?2-microglobulin]) and 1 marker of kidney damage (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR]). Every kidney marker was categorized by its quintiles (top quintile as a reference for estimated glomerular filtration rates and bottom quintile for the rest).Prevalent and incident hypertension.Prevalence ratios and HRs of hypertension based on modified Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.There were 4,378 participants (45.6%) with prevalent hypertension at baseline and 2,175 incident hypertension cases during a median follow-up of 9.8 years. Although all 5 kidney function markers were associated significantly with prevalent hypertension, prevalent hypertension was associated most notably with higher ACR (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.50-1.71] for the highest vs lowest ACR quintile). Similarly, ACR was associated consistently with incident hypertension in all models tested (adjusted HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.10-1.49] for top quintile), while kidney function markers demonstrated significant associations in some, but not all, models. Even mildly increased ACR (9.14-14.0mg/g) was associated significantly with incident hypertension.Self-reported use of antihypertensive medication for defining incident hypertension, single assessment of kidney markers, and relatively narrow age range.Although all kidney markers were associated with prevalent hypertension, only elevated albuminuria was associated consistently with incident hypertension, suggesting that kidney damage is related more closely to hypertension than moderate reduction in overall kidney function.
| S-EPMC4272637 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Moderate coffee consumption has been suggested to be associated with lower risk for chronic conditions such as diabetes, a major precursor to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between coffee and CKD has not been fully established. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS:14,209 participants aged 45 to 64 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PREDICTORS:Coffee consumption (cups per day) was assessed at visits 1 (1987-1989) and 3 (1993-1995) using food frequency questionnaires. OUTCOMES:Incident CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60mL/min/1.73m2 accompanied by ≥25% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or end-stage renal disease. RESULTS:There were 3,845 cases of incident CKD over a median of 24 years of follow-up. Men, whites, current smokers, and participants without comorbid conditions were more likely to consume higher amounts of coffee per day. After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and dietary factors, higher categories of coffee consumption were associated with lower risk for incident CKD compared with those who never consumed coffee (HR for <1 cup per day, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]; 1-<2 cups per day, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]; 2-<3 cups per day, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.77-0.97]; and ≥3 cups per day, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.75-0.94]). In continuous analysis, for each additional cup of coffee consumed per day, risk for incident CKD was lower by 3% (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P<0.001). LIMITATIONS:Self-reported coffee consumption and observational design. CONCLUSIONS:Participants who drank higher amounts of coffee had lower risk for incident CKD after adjusting for covariates. Coffee consumers may not be at adverse risk for kidney disease.
| S-EPMC6057809 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHearing loss is highly prevalent in older ages and has several health consequences. Some cardiovascular risk factors are associated with worse hearing at older ages. Still, the role of midlife leisure-time physical activity (PA) as a risk factor for hearing loss is yet to be investigated.MethodsAmong 3 198 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we investigated the associations of midlife and change from mid- to late-life PA (assessed via modified Baecke questionnaire) with hearing loss (audiometric battery [worse-ear pure-tone average, and speech-in-noise test]) at older ages. We used regression analyses, adjusted for demographics, medical conditions, and noise exposure, to estimate differences in hearing between those who met and did not meet PA recommendations at midlife and at late life.ResultsA total of 1 386 (43.3%) participants met PA recommendations at midlife. These participants, compared to those who did not meet recommendations, had lower (better) pure-tone average by 1.51 (0.46, 2.55) decibels, identified 0.37 (0.01, 0.74) more words (better score) in the speech-in-noise test, and had a lower relative risk of having hearing loss at older ages (eg, relative risk ratio for severe hearing loss vs normal hearing = 0.70 [0.52, 0.95]). Similarly, those who persistently met PA recommendations from mid- to late life had, compared with those who did not, a better hearing at older ages.ConclusionsMeeting PA public health recommendations in midlife and mid- to late life was associated with better hearing at older ages and reduced risk of hearing loss. Promoting adequate levels of PA may be an essential component of hearing care.
| S-EPMC10329230 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was designed to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and incident heart failure (HF) in a community-based cohort.Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for HF, but the association between insulin resistance and HF in individuals without diabetes is unclear.We prospectively analyzed 12,606 participants without diabetes mellitus, prevalent HF, or history of myocardial infarction at baseline (1987 to 1989) from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We assessed the relationship between insulin resistance and incident HF using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) equation, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, center, and interim myocardial infarction. We tested for interactions by age, sex, obesity, and race.Participants with insulin resistance, defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.5 (n = 4,810, 39%), were older, more likely female, African American, hypertensive, and had a higher body mass index as compared with those without insulin resistance. There were 1,455 incident HF cases during a median of 20.6 years of follow-up. Insulin resistance defined by this threshold was not significantly associated with an increased risk for incident HF after adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 0.95 to 1.23). However, when analyzed continuously, this relationship was nonlinear, which indicated that risk increased, and was significantly associated with incident HF between HOMA-IR of 1.0 to 2.0, adjusting for baseline covariates; however, values over 2.5 were not associated with additional increased risk in adjusted models.In a community cohort, insulin resistance, defined by lower levels of HOMA-IR than previously considered, was associated with an increased risk for HF.
| S-EPMC3893700 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background and aimsRisk factor cutoffs are derived from associations with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), but how these risk factors associate with preserved cardiovascular health into old age is not well studied. We investigated midlife determinants of healthy versus nonhealthy cardiovascular aging in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.MethodsARIC participants were categorized by cardiovascular status in older age (mean age 75.8 ± 5.3 years, range 66-90): healthy, subclinical disease (assessed by biomarkers and left ventricular function), clinical CVD (coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure), or prior death. We examined associations of midlife (mean age 52.1 ± 5.1 years) systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular status in older age using multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsCompared with healthy status, odds for subclinical disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.55) and clinical CVD (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.53-2.29) at older age increased starting with midlife SBP 120-129 mmHg, whereas odds for death increased starting with SBP 110-119 mmHg (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.52); findings were similar for DBP. Odds for subclinical disease increased for HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and BMI starting at 30-<35 kg/m2; odds for clinical CVD or death increased starting at HbA1c 5.5-5.9%, LDL-C >160 mg/dL, and BMI 30-<35 kg/m2.ConclusionsMore-stringent levels of modifiable risk factors in midlife beyond current clinical practice and guidelines were associated with preserved cardiovascular health in older age.
| S-EPMC9627572 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carotid intima-media thickness has been reported to predict kidney function decline. However, whether carotid intima-media thickness is associated with a hard kidney end point, ESRD, has not been investigated.We studied 13,197 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at visit 1 (1987-1989) without history of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, at baseline and assessed whether carotid intima-media thickness measured by B-mode ultrasound is associated with ESRD risk using Cox proportional hazards models. Regarding carotid intima-media thickness parameters, we investigated the mean and maximum values of overall and segment-specific (common, bifurcation, and internal carotid arteries) measurements.Mean age was 54.0 (SD=5.7) years old, and there were 3373 (25.6%) blacks and 7370 (55.8%) women. During a median follow-up of 22.7 years, 433 participants developed ESRD (1.4/1000 person-years). After adjusting for shared risk factors for atherosclerosis and kidney disease, including baseline kidney function, carotid intima-media thickness was significantly associated with ESRD risk (hazard ratio [HR] between quartiles 4 and 1, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02 to 2.08 for overall mean intima-media thickness and HR between quartiles 4 and 1, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.48 for overall maximum intima-media thickness). The associations were largely consistent in demographic and clinical subgroups. When we explored segment-specific intima-media thicknesses, the associations with ESRD were most robust for bifurcation carotid (e.g., adjusted HR between quartiles 4 and 1 of mean intima-media thickness, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.13 for bifurcation; adjusted HR between quartiles 4 and 1 of mean intima-media thickness, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.97 for common; and adjusted HR between quartiles 4 and 1 of mean intima-media thickness, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.29 for internal).Carotid intima-media thickness was independently associated with incident ESRD in the general population, suggesting the shared etiology of atherosclerosis and ESRD.
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