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Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers and histological classification in malignant canine mammary tumours.

ABSTRACT: Canine mammary carcinoma represents a model for the study of human breast cancer, although the prognostic value of various clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters has shown contradictory results. A prospective study, through a 4-year follow-up, was performed in 77 patients with mammary carcinoma to analyse the association between histological diagnosis, grade of malignancy, peritumoral and vascular invasion. We have also performed immunohistochemistry for the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that define human biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response. An association between histological diagnosis and clinical stage was observed with a high proportion of complex carcinoma classified as stage I. There was a higher proportion of ER⁺ /PR⁺ /HER2^- tumours in stage I. In contrast, triple-negative tumours (ER^- /PR^- /HER2^- ) were found mainly in advanced clinical stages and were associated with vascular and peritumoral invasion. The tumours included in group VII (carcinosarcoma/adenosquamous carcinoma/other special types of carcinoma) had a higher expression of COX-2. The univariate analysis showed that those patients with complex carcinoma had the lowest incidence of metastases and the highest probability of survival. In contrast, a high proportion of patients with anaplastic/inflammatory carcinoma developed metastases and showed the lowest probability of survival. In addition, the estimated survival time was shorter for those patients with triple-negative tumours and those with high COX-2 expression. However, in the multivariate analysis, only the peritumoral invasion maintained its prognostic significance. In conclusion, in our study anaplastic/inflammatory carcinomas had the worst prognosis with a high proportion of triple-negative tumours in this category.

SUBMITTER: Pastor N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7754150 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers and histological classification in malignant canine mammary tumours.

Pastor Nieves N Ezquerra Luis Javier LJ Santella Massimo M Caballé Nuria C NC Tarazona Raquel R Durán María Esther ME

Veterinary and comparative oncology 20200522 4

Canine mammary carcinoma represents a model for the study of human breast cancer, although the prognostic value of various clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters has shown contradictory results. A prospective study, through a 4-year follow-up, was performed in 77 patients with mammary carcinoma to analyse the association between histological diagnosis, grade of malignancy, peritumoral and vascular invasion. We have also performed immunohistochemistry for the expression of oest ...[more]

PMID: 32336005

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Project description:BackgroundMammary gland tumours are the most frequently diagnosed tumours in the female dogs but just a few studies have analysed their epidemiology. Therefore, we set out to describe the epidemiology of canine mammary cancer in the Canary Archipelago, Spain. We analysed a pathology tumour registry (PTR) and identified 7362 samples obtained from 5240 female dogs resident on the Canary Archipelago during an 18-year period (2003-2020). Using a case-control study design, we compared mammary tumour affected dogs with the Canarian canine population registry in order to elucidate the breed associations for these tumours.ResultsThe frequency of a diagnosis of mammary tumours relative to all tumour diagnoses in female dogs decreased during the study period from 62.7% to 48.9%. Contemporaneously, the proportion of dogs diagnosed with mammary tumours who were also neutered increased from 13.6% to 26.9%. There was a negative correlation (R = -0.84) between these changes. Additional findings were that: the proportion of female dogs diagnosed with multiple tumours increased by 23.5% and that the proportion of malignant tumours 89.2% diagnosed has remained stable through the period. Benign mammary tumours were diagnosed at younger ages (9.2 years old) than carcinomas (9.7 years old) and sarcomas (10.4 years old). Epithelial mammary tumours were diagnosed at younger ages in entire female dogs. Samoyed, Schnauzer, Poodle, German Pinscher and Cocker Spaniel were the breeds with the highest odds-ratios (OR) in comparison with the reference (crossbreeds) while Miniature Pinscher, American Staffordshire Terrier, English Pointer as well as some local breeds such as the Canary Warren Hound and the Majorero had the lowest ORs.ConclusionsThis study provides a description of the changing epidemiology of canine mammary cancer in the Canary Archipelago over the last two decades. We found high rates of CMT with a significant predominance of malignant tumours. Exact risk factors are uncertain, but a combination of environmental, regional socioeconomic affecting human and their pets, and animal management factors are likely to play a part. Specifically, neutering was negatively associated with the proportion of epithelial mammary gland tumours and breeds native to the region were at lower risk of mammary tumours. A deeper analysis of all these factors will facilitate a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of mammary gland tumours in both the canine and the human population.

Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to systematically elucidate the prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) expression in various cancers and its correlation with their clinicopathological characteristics.DesignIn this meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis, articles were identified through searches of multiple databases and meta-analysed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were examined using UCSC Xena tools to further confirm the prognostic effect of CKS2.Data sourcesThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from their inception to 1 January 2023, using a combination of subject terms and free words, including 'CKS2', 'cancer', 'tumor', 'neoplasm', 'carcinoma', 'malignancy' and 'prognosis'.Eligibility criteriaThe analysis included cohort or case-control studies, reported in English, with malignancy diagnoses confirmed by pathological methods, available HRs and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) or extractable Kaplan-Meier curves, and a sample size of ≥20 patients. Reviews, commentaries, letters, conference reports, case reports, in vitro and animal studies, studies of CKS2 gene variants, studies with sample cases from public databases and studies with unavailable survival or duplicated data were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently screened the articles, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis and bioinformatic analyses were performed using the STATA and R software, respectively.ResultsThe analysis included 13 retrospective studies encompassing 1348 cases across 10 cancer types. Nine studies involving 1124 patients examined the correlation between CKS2 expression levels and OS. A fixed-effects model analysis revealed a significant association between high CKS2 expression and reduced OS (HR=2.27, 95% CI=1.87 to 2.77, p<0.001). Furthermore, high CKS2 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumour stage (relative risk (RR) = 1.82, 95% CI=1.57 to 2.11, p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (RR=1.68, 95% CI=1.38 to 2.04, p<0.001), larger tumour size (RR=1.60, 95% CI=1.27 to 2.03, p<0.001) and lower differentiation grade (RR=1.57, 95% CI=1.29 to 1.90, p<0.001). CKS2 expression levels were not significantly correlated with patients' age (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.99 to 1.26, p=0.071) or sex (RR=0.98, 95% CI=0.90 to 1.07, p=0.653). An assessment of the articles showed no significant publication bias, confirming the robustness of these findings. The bioinformatic analysis further confirmed CKS2 upregulation in the examined cancer types and its association with poor OS in glioma (HR=1.97, 95% CI=1.78 to 2.18, p=3.70×10-42), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HR=1.56, 95% CI=1.31 to 1.86, p=3.50×10-7) and lung adenocarcinoma (HR=1.27, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.48, p=1.70×10-3).ConclusionsElevated CKS2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in a subset of malignant tumours, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker.Prospero registration numberCRD42023394038.

Dataset Information

Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers and histological classification in malignant canine mammary tumours.

Publications

Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers and histological classification in malignant canine mammary tumours.

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