Protocol for the Generation of Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nafria M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7757115 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The hematopoietic and vascular lineages are intimately entwined as they arise together from bipotent hemangioblasts and hemogenic endothelial precursors during human embryonic development. In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells toward these lineages provides opportunities for elucidating the mechanisms of hematopoietic genesis. We previously demonstrated the stepwise in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to definitive erythromyelopoiesis through clonogenic bipotent primitive hemangioblasts. This system recapitulates an orderly hematopoiesis similar to human yolk sac development via the generation of mesodermal-hematoendothelial progenitor cells that give rise to endothelium followed by embryonic primitive and definitive hematopoietic cells. Here, we report that under modified feeder-free endothelial culture conditions, multipotent CD34? CD45? hematopoietic progenitors arise in mass quantities from differentiated hESC and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). These hematopoietic progenitors arose directly from adherent endothelial/stromal cell layers in a manner resembling in vivo hematopoiesis from embryonic hemogenic endothelium. Although fibroblast-derived hiPSC lines were previously found inefficient in hemato-endothelial differentiation capacity, our culture system also supported robust hiPSC hemato-vascular differentiation at levels comparable to hESC. We present comparative differentiation results for simultaneously generating hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from both hESC and fibroblast-hiPSC. This defined, optimized, and low-density differentiation system will be ideal for direct single-cell time course studies of the earliest hematopoietic events using time-lapse videography, or bulk kinetics using flow cytometry analyses on emerging hematopoietic progenitors.
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Project description:Definitive hematopoiesis generates hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) that give rise to all mature blood and immune cells, but remains poorly defined in human. Here, we resolve human hematopoietic populations at the earliest hematopoiesis stage by single-cell RNA-seq. We characterize the distinct molecular profiling between early primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in both human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation and early embryonic development. We identify CD44 to specifically discriminate definitive hematopoiesis and generate definitive HSPCs from hESCs. The multipotency of hESCs-derived HSPCs for various blood and immune cells is validated by single-cell clonal assay. Strikingly, these hESCs-derived HSPCs give rise to blood and lymphoid lineages in vivo. Lastly, we characterize gene-expression dynamics in definitive and primitive hematopoiesis and reveal an unreported role of ROCK-inhibition in enhancing human definitive hematopoiesis. Our study provides a prospect for understanding human early hematopoiesis and a firm basis for generating blood and immune cells for clinical purposes.
| S-EPMC7705709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Here, we present a protocol to efficiently direct human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) under a chemically defined, albumin-free system. We describe the induction of aorta-gonad-mesonephros-like hematopoiesis from hPSCs into SOX17+ hemogenic endothelium and then into CD34+CD45+ HSPCs via application of Wnt activator and TGFβ inhibitor, respectively. The generated HSPCs, characterized by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit assay, express definitive hematopoiesis markers and exhibit multilineage differentiation potential and the capacity to expand. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chang et al. (2022a, 2022b).1,2.
| S-EPMC9792952 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The ex vivo generation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with long-term repopulating capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential represents the holy grail of hematopoiesis research. In principle, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide the tool for both studying molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic development and the ex vivo production of 'true' HSCs for transplantation purposes and lineage-specific cells, e.g. red blood cells, for transfusion purposes. CD43-expressing cells have been reported as the first hematopoietic cells during development, but whether or not these possess multilineage differentiation and long-term engraftment potential is incompletely understood. METHODS:We performed ex vivo generation of hematopoietic cells from hiPSCs using an embryoid body(EB)-based, xeno-product-free differentiation protocol. We investigated the multilineage differentiation potential of different FACS-sorted CD43-expressing cell subsets by colony-forming assays in semisolid media. Further, erythroid differentiation was investigated in more detail using established protocols. RESULTS:By using CD43, we were able to measure hematopoietic induction efficiency during hiPSC-derived EB differentiation. Further, we determined CD43+ cells as the cell population of origin for in vitro erythropoiesis. Furthermore, colony formation demonstrates that the multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fraction is particulary enriched in the CD43hi CD45+ population.
| S-EPMC5473062 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immunotherapy using primary T cells has revolutionized medical care in some pathologies in recent years, but limitations associated to challenging cell genome edition, insufficient cell number production, the use of only autologous cells, and the lack of product standardization have limited its clinical use. The alternative use of T cells generated in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers great advantages by providing a self-renewing source of T cells that can be readily genetically modified and facilitate the use of standardized universal off-the-shelf allogeneic cell products and rapid clinical access. However, despite their potential, a better understanding of the feasibility and functionality of T cells differentiated from hPSCs is necessary before moving into clinical settings. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells from T cells (T-iPSCs), allowing for the preservation of already recombined TCR, with the same properties as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Based on these cells, we differentiated, with high efficiency, hematopoietic progenitor stem cells (HPSCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation into any cell blood type, in addition to DN3a thymic progenitors from several T-iPSC lines. In order to better comprehend the differentiation, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of the different cell types and demonstrated that HPSCs differentiated from hiPSCs had very similar profiles to cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Furthermore, differentiated T-cell progenitors had a similar profile to thymocytes at the DN3a stage of thymic lymphopoiesis. Therefore, utilizing this approach, we were able to regenerate precursors of therapeutic human T cells in order to potentially treat a wide range of diseases.
| S-EPMC9777438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:By mimicking embryonic development of the hematopoietic system, we have developed an optimized in vitro differentiation protocol for the generation of precursors of hematopoietic lineages and primitive hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Factors such as cytokines, extra cellular matrix components, and small molecules as well as the temporal association and concentration of these factors were tested on seven different human ESC and iPSC lines. We report the differentiation of up to 84% human CD45+ cells (average 41% ± 16%, from seven pluripotent lines) from the differentiation culture, including significant numbers of primitive CD45+/CD34+ and CD45+/CD34+/CD38- hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, the numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells generated, as measured by colony forming unit assays, were comparable to numbers obtained from fresh umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell isolates on a per CD45+ cell basis. Our approach demonstrates highly efficient generation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors with among the highest efficiencies reported to date (CD45+/CD34+) using a single standardized differentiation protocol on several human ESC and iPSC lines. Our data add to the cumulating evidence for the existence of an in vitro derived precursor to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) with limited engrafting ability in transplanted mice but with multipotent hematopoietic potential. Because this protocol efficiently expands the preblood precursors and hematopoietic progenitors, it is ideal for testing novel factors for the generation and expansion of definitive HSCs with long-term repopulating ability.
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Project description:Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or the forced expression of transcription factors can be used to generate autologous pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Although transcriptomic and epigenomic comparisons of isogenic human NT-embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs) in the undifferentiated state have been reported, their functional similarities and differentiation potentials have not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that NT-ESCs and iPSCs derived from the same donors generally displayed similar in vitro commitment capacity toward three germ layer lineages as well as proliferative activity and clonogenic capacity. However, the maturation capacity of NT-ESC-derived hematopoietic progenitors was significantly greater than the corresponding capacity of isogenic iPSC-derived progenitors. Additionally, donor-dependent variations in hematopoietic specification and commitment capacity were observed. Transcriptome and methylome analyses in undifferentiated NT-ESCs and iPSCs revealed a set of genes that may influence variations in hematopoietic commitment and maturation between PSC lines derived using different reprogramming methods. Here, we suggest that genetically identical iPSCs and NT-ESCs could be functionally unequal due to differential transcription and methylation levels acquired during reprogramming. Our proof-of-concept study indicates that reprogramming mechanisms and genetic background could contribute to diverse functionalities between PSCs.
| S-EPMC6200746 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic progenitors (PPs) provide promising cell therapies for type 1 diabetes. Current PP differentiation requires a high amount of Activin A during the definitive endoderm (DE) stage, making it economically difficult for commercial ventures. Here we identify a dose-dependent role for Wnt signaling in controlling DE differentiation without Activin A. While high-level Wnt activation induces mesodermal formation, low-level Wnt activation by a small-molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 is sufficient for DE differentiation, yielding SOX17+FOXA2+ DE cells. BMP inhibition further enhances this DE differentiation, generating over 87% DE cells. These DE cells could be further differentiated into PPs and functional β cells. RNA-sequencing analysis of PP differentiation from hPSCs revealed expected transcriptome dynamics and new gene regulators during our small-molecule PP differentiation protocol. Overall, we established a robust growth-factor-free protocol for generating DE and PP cells, facilitating scalable production of pancreatic cells for regenerative applications.
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Project description:Human pluripotent stem cells can in principle be used as a source of any differentiated cell type for disease modelling, drug screening, toxicology testing or cell replacement therapy. Type I diabetes is considered a major target for stem cell applications due to the shortage of primary human beta cells. Several protocols have been reported for generating pancreatic progenitors by in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Here we first assessed one of these protocols on a panel of pluripotent stem cell lines for capacity to engender glucose sensitive insulin-producing cells after engraftment in immunocompromised mice. We observed variable outcomes with only one cell line showing a low level of glucose response. We, therefore, undertook a systematic comparison of different methods for inducing definitive endoderm and subsequently pancreatic differentiation. Of several protocols tested, we identified a combined approach that robustly generated pancreatic progenitors in vitro from both embryo-derived and induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings suggest that, although there are intrinsic differences in lineage specification propensity between pluripotent stem cell lines, optimal differentiation procedures may consistently direct a substantial fraction of cells into pancreatic specification.
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Project description:Generation of fully functional hematopoietic multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has a great therapeutic potential to provide an unlimited cell source for treatment of hematological disorders. We previously demonstrated that CD34(+) CD31(+) CD144(+) population derived from hPSCs contain hemato-endothelial progenitors (HEPs) that give rise to hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Here, we report a differentiation system to generate definitive hematopoietic MPP cells from HEPs via endothelial monolayer. In the presence of angiogenic factors, HEPs formed an endothelial monolayer, from which hematopoietic clusters emerged through the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT was significantly enhanced by hematopoietic growth factors. The definitive MPP cells generated from endothelial monolayer were capable of forming multilineage hematopoietic colonies, giving rise to T lymphoid cells, and differentiating into enucleated erythrocytes. Emergence of hematopoietic cells from endothelial monolayer occurred transiently. Hematopoietic potential was lost during prolonged culture of HEPs in endothelial growth conditions. Our study demonstrated that CD34(+) CD31(+) CD144(+) HEPs gave rise to hematopoietic MPP cells via hemogenic endothelial cells that exist transiently. The established differentiation system provides a platform for future investigation of regulatory factors involved in de novo generation of hematopoietic MPP cells and their applications in transplantation.
| S-EPMC4729203 | biostudies-literature