Dataset Information

Epithelial dynamics shed light on the mechanisms underlying ear canal defects.

ABSTRACT: Defects in ear canal development can cause severe hearing loss as sound waves fail to reach the middle ear. Here, we reveal new mechanisms that control human canal development and highlight for the first time the complex system of canal closure and reopening. These processes can be perturbed in mutant mice and in explant culture, mimicking the defects associated with canal atresia. The more superficial part of the canal forms from an open primary canal that closes and then reopens. In contrast, the deeper part of the canal forms from an extending solid meatal plate that opens later. Closure and fusion of the primary canal was linked to loss of periderm, with failure in periderm formation in Grhl3 mutant mice associated with premature closure of the canal. Conversely, inhibition of cell death in the periderm resulted in an arrest of closure. Once closed, re-opening of the canal occurred in a wave, triggered by terminal differentiation of the epithelium. Understanding these complex processes involved in canal development sheds light on the underlying causes of canal atresia.

SUBMITTER: Fons JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7758633 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epithelial dynamics shed light on the mechanisms underlying ear canal defects.

Fons Juan M JM Mozaffari Mona M Malik Dean D Marshall Abigail R AR Connor Steve S Greene Nicholas D E NDE Tucker Abigail S AS

Development (Cambridge, England) 20201214 23

Defects in ear canal development can cause severe hearing loss as sound waves fail to reach the middle ear. Here, we reveal new mechanisms that control human canal development and highlight for the first time the complex system of canal closure and reopening. These processes can be perturbed in mutant mice and in explant culture, mimicking the defects associated with canal atresia. The more superficial part of the canal forms from an open primary canal that closes and then reopens. In contrast, ...[more]

PMID: 33093151

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Project description:BackgroundDendrobium spp. comprise a group of tropical orchids with ornamental and medicinal value. Dendrobium spp. are sensitive to low temperature, and the underlying cold response regulatory mechanisms in this group are unclear. To understand how these plants respond to cold stress, we compared the transcriptomic responses of the cold-tolerant cultivar 'Hongxing' (HX) and the cold-sensitive cultivar 'Sonia Hiasakul' (SH) to cold stress.ResultsChemometric results showed that the physiological response of SH in the later stages of cold stress is similar to that of HX throughout the cold treatment. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that soluble protein content and peroxidase activity are key physiological parameters for assessing the cold tolerance of these two Dendrobium spp. cultivars. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) results showed that many cold response genes and metabolic pathways significantly associated with the physiological indices were enriched in the 12 detected modules. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of the 105 hub genes showed that Dendrobium spp. adapt to cold stress by regulating signal transduction, phytohormones, transcription factors, protein translation and modification, functional proteins, biosynthesis and metabolism, cell structure, light, and the circadian clock. Hub genes of the cold stress response network included the remorin gene pp34, the abscisic acid signaling pathway-related genes PROTEIN PHOSPATASE 2 C (PP2C), SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (SnRK2), ABRE-BINDING FACTOR 1 (ABF1) and SKI-INTERACTING PROTEIN 17 (SKIP17), the Ca2+ signaling-related GTP diphosphokinase gene CRSH1, the carbohydrate-related gene STARCH SYNTHASE 2 (SS2), the cell wall biosynthesis gene CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD7), and the endocytosis-related gene VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 52 A (VPS52A).ConclusionsThe cold-responsive genes and metabolic pathways of Dendrobium spp. revealed in this study provide important insight to enable the genetic enhancement of cold tolerance in Dendrobium spp., and to facilitate cold tolerance breeding in related plants.

Dataset Information

Epithelial dynamics shed light on the mechanisms underlying ear canal defects.

Publications

Epithelial dynamics shed light on the mechanisms underlying ear canal defects.

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