Dataset Information

CuO/PbO Nanocomposite: Preparation and Catalysis for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition.

ABSTRACT: In this present article, we reported a facile and efficient milling method to prepare a series of CuO/PbO nanocomposite metal oxides (CuO/PbO NMOs), with CuO/PbO molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25 as a potential catalyst to catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The obtained CuO/PbO NMOs were systematically characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the characteristic peaks of CuO/PbO NMOs were almost the superposition of nano CuO and nano PbO, while few new weak peaks were observed resulting from the lattice defects and new structural arrangements and chemical bonds between nano CuO and nano PbO during a high-energy grinding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM) observations exhibited that the particle sizes of the CuO/PbO NMOs were distributed in the range of 10-20 nm. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques verified that CuO/PbO NMOs with a CuO/PbO molar ratio of 1:1 presented the best catalytic effect for AP thermal decomposition among the other CuO/PbO NMOs, as well as the single nano CuO and nano PbO. The outstanding catalytic performance is mainly reflected as follows: shifting the peak temperature of AP in high-temperature decomposition stages from 441.3 to 347.6 °C, increasing the decomposition heat of AP from 941 to 1711 J/g, and decreasing the Gibbs free energy of AP from 199.8 to 172.1 kJ/mol, supporting the existence of a synergistic catalytic effect between nano CuO and nano PbO.

SUBMITTER: Zhang G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7758965 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CuO/PbO Nanocomposite: Preparation and Catalysis for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition.

Zhang Guangpu G Gou Bingwang B Yang Yanpeng Y Liu Meng M Li Xiaojiang X Xiao Lei L Hao Gazi G Hao Gazi G Zhao Fengqi F Jiang Wei W

ACS omega 20201211 50

In this present article, we reported a facile and efficient milling method to prepare a series of CuO/PbO nanocomposite metal oxides (CuO/PbO NMOs), with CuO/PbO molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25 as a potential catalyst to catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The obtained CuO/PbO NMOs were systematically characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the chara ...[more]

PMID: 33376904

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Project description:Cu nanoparticles are more active catalytically than CuO nanoparticles, which have been widely studied as catalysts for organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and optics. However, Cu nanoparticles are easily agglomerated and oxidized in air. In this research, columnar, flower-like, bubble-like and teardrop-shaped Cu/GO nanocomposites were fabricated via a water-solvent thermal method and high temperature calcination technique using deionized water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent, respectively. The structures, the morphology and the catalytic performance and catalytic mechanism for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) of the Cu/GO nanocomposites have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption tests (BET), simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and thermogravimetric couplet with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), respectively. The experimental results show that the morphology of the Cu/GO nanocomposites has a significant effect on the surface area and the teardrop-shaped Cu/GO nanocomposites have the largest specific surface area and the best catalytic performance among them. When 5 wt% of the Cu/GO nanocomposites was added, the decomposition temperature of AP decreased from 426.3 °C to 345.5 °C and the exothermic heat released from the decomposition of AP increased from 410.4 J g-1 to 4159.4 J g-1. In addition, the four morphological Cu/GO nanocomposites exhibited good stability, their catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of AP remained stable after 1 month in air. Excellent catalytic performance and stability were attributed to the strong catalytic activity of pure metal nanoparticles, and GO can accelerate electron movement and inhibit the agglomeration of nanoparticles, as well as the multiple effects of inhibiting the oxidation of Cu nanoparticles in air. Therefore, it has important application potential in high-energy solid propellant.

Project description:Oxygen stable isotopes in uranium oxides processed through the nuclear fuel cycle may have the potential to provide information about a material's origin and processing history. However, a more thorough understanding of the fractionating processes governing the formation of signatures in real-world samples is still needed. In this study, laboratory synthesis of uranium oxides modeled after industrial nuclear fuel fabrication was performed to follow the isotope fractionation during thermal decomposition and reduction of ammonium diuranate (ADU). Synthesis of ADU occurred using a gaseous NH3 route, followed by thermal decomposition in a dry nitrogen atmosphere at 400, 600, and 800 °C. The kinetic impact of heating ramp rates on isotope effects was explored by ramping to each decomposition temperature at 2, 20, and 200 °C min-1. In addition, ADU was reduced using direct (ramped to 600 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere) and indirect (thermally decomposed to U3O8 at 600 °C, then exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere) routes. The bulk oxygen isotope composition of ADU (δ18O = -16 ± 1‰) was very closely related to precipitation water (δ18O = -15.6‰). The solid products of thermal decomposition using ramp rates of 2 and 20 °C min-1 had statistically indistinguishable oxygen isotope compositions at each decomposition temperature, with increasing δ18O values in the transition from ADU to UO3 at 400 °C (δ18OUO3 - δ18OADU = 12.3‰) and the transition from UO3 to U3O8 at 600 °C (δ18OU3O8 - δ18OUO3 = 2.8‰). An enrichment of 18O attributable to water volatilization was observed in the low temperature (400 °C) product of thermal decomposition using a 200 °C min-1 ramp rate (δ18OUO3 - δ18OADU = 9.2‰). Above 400 °C, no additional fractionation was observed as UO3 decomposed to U3O8 with the rapid heating rate. Indirect reduction of ADU produced UO2 with a δ18O value 19.1‰ greater than the precipitate and 4.0‰ greater than the intermediate U3O8. Direct reduction of ADU at 600 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere resulted in the production of U4O9 with a δ18O value 17.1‰ greater than the precipitate. Except when a 200 °C min-1 ramp rate is employed, the results of both thermal decomposition and reduction show a consistent preferential enrichment of 18O as oxygen is removed from the original precipitate. Hence, the calcination and reduction reactions leading to the production of UO2 will yield unique oxygen isotope fractionations based on process parameters including heating rate and decomposition temperature.

Dataset Information

CuO/PbO Nanocomposite: Preparation and Catalysis for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition.

Publications

CuO/PbO Nanocomposite: Preparation and Catalysis for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition.

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