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Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.


ABSTRACT: The prices of walnuts vary according to their geographical origin and, therefore, offer a financial incentive for adulteration. A reliable analysis method is required to quickly detect possible misdeclarations and thus prevent food fraud. In this study, a method to distinguish between seven geographical origins of walnuts using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a fast, versatile, and easy to handle analytical tool was developed. NIR spectra of 212 ground and afterwards freeze-dried walnut samples, harvested in three consecutive years (2017-2019), were collected. We optimized the data pre-processing by applying and evaluating 50,545 different pre-processing combinations, followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) which was confirmed by nested cross-validation. The results show that in the scope of our research minimal pre-processing led to the best results: By applying just multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and median centering, a classification accuracy of 77.00% ± 1.60% was achieved. Consequently, this complex model can be used to answer economically relevant questions e.g., to distinguish between European and Chinese walnuts. Furthermore, the great influence of the applied pre-processing methods, e.g., the selected wavenumber range, on the achieved classification accuracy is shown which underlines the importance of optimization of the pre-processing strategy.

SUBMITTER: Arndt M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7764259 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

Arndt Maike M   Drees Alissa A   Ahlers Christian C   Fischer Markus M  

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 20201213 12


The prices of walnuts vary according to their geographical origin and, therefore, offer a financial incentive for adulteration. A reliable analysis method is required to quickly detect possible misdeclarations and thus prevent food fraud. In this study, a method to distinguish between seven geographical origins of walnuts using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a fast, versatile, and easy to handle analytical tool was developed. NIR spectra of 21  ...[more]

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