Dataset Information

Quantitative and Qualitative Costs of Autogeny in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) Sand Flies.

ABSTRACT: Most sand flies and mosquitoes require a bloodmeal for egg production, but when blood-sources are scarce, some of them can reproduce without it, so called facultative autogeny. The evolution of autogenous reproduction is thought to involve a trade-off between the benefit of reproducing in the absence of bloodmeal hosts versus the quantitative cost of reduced fecundity and/or or qualitative effect on reduced offspring development and survivorship. We blood-fed (BF) some Phlebotomous papatasi (Scopoli) sand fly females on mice while keeping others (from the same cohort) not BF. We then compared the fecundity of BF and non-blood-fed (NBF) females and also evaluated their egg mass and hatching rate, larval development rate and survivorship, pupa mass and eclosion rates, and progeny fecundity. Among NBF females, only 55% became gravid and produced three times less mature oocytes than BF ones. Autogenous females laid 3.5 and 5.7 times fewer eggs in individual and multi-female bioassays, respectively. Egg mass and hatching rate were not affected by blood-feeding. Individual-larvae bioassays suggested reduced survival during larval stages in the autogenous group. In multi-larvae bioassays, overall and especially pupae survival was significantly reduced in the autogenous group. Development rate was slower and pupal mass was reduced in progeny from autogenous mothers. These effects were particularly apparent at high larval density. Mothers' blood-feeding history did not affect daughter's fecundity. Studies on the costs of autogeny provides insights on the evolution of blood feeding. Moreover, it also provides insights regarding potential implications of autogeny to the emergence of vector-borne diseases.

SUBMITTER: Shymanovich T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7768683 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Quantitative and Qualitative Costs of Autogeny in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) Sand Flies.

Shymanovich Tatsiana T Hajhashemi Nima N Wasserberg Gideon G

Journal of medical entomology 20200501 3

Most sand flies and mosquitoes require a bloodmeal for egg production, but when blood-sources are scarce, some of them can reproduce without it, so called facultative autogeny. The evolution of autogenous reproduction is thought to involve a trade-off between the benefit of reproducing in the absence of bloodmeal hosts versus the quantitative cost of reduced fecundity and/or or qualitative effect on reduced offspring development and survivorship. We blood-fed (BF) some Phlebotomous papatasi (Sco ...[more]

PMID: 31813978

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. Different Phlebotomus species transmit different Leishmania species causing leishmaniases which are neglected diseases emerging/reemerging in new regions. Thirteen sand fly species, ten belonging to the medically important genus Phlebotomus and three belonging to Sergentomyia are known in Greece. An increasing number of human and dog cases are reported each year from all parts of the country including the Aegean Islands. However, no previous study has been conducted on the sand fly fauna on the islands, except for Rhodes and Samos. The aim of this study was to investigate sand fly species in eleven small Aegean islands; to understand species-specific relationships with environmental and climatic factors and to compare sand fly community parameters among islands. A risk analysis was carried out for each species using climatic and environmental variables. RESULTS:Nine sand fly species: Phlebotomus neglectus, P. tobbi, P. similis, P. simici, P. perfiliewi, P. alexandri, P. papatasi, Sergentomyia minuta and S. dentata, were collected from the islands studied. Phlebotomus (Adlerius) sp. and Sergentomyia sp. specimens were also collected but not identified to the species level. There was a positive effect of distance from the sea on the abundance of P. neglectus, S. minuta and S. dentata, and a negative effect on the abundance of P. tobbi, P. simici and P. similis. In general, temperature preferences of sand fly populations were between 21 and 29 °C. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in terms of temperature and relative humidity preference ranges among species. The most important species found, P. neglectus, was indisputably the most adapted species in the study area with a very high reaction norm, favoring even the lower temperature and humidity ranges. Overall, the sand fly fauna in the islands was very rich but there were differences in species diversity, as indicated by the values of the Shannon-Wiener index, along with evenness and richness of the sand fly fauna between the islands and altitude ranges in the islands. CONCLUSIONS:The study indicated that the Greek Aegean Islands, however small, maintain a rich sand fly fauna. This includes important vectors of Leishmania spp. representing a risk for parasite transmission to humans and dogs along with the danger of maintaining new Leishmania spp. if introduced to the area.

Project description:BackgroundSandflies are insects important for the transmission cycles of the leishmaniases. Despite being studied since the 1960s in the State of Rondônia (Brazil), several gaps exist regarding our working knowledge of these insects. This study aimed to construct an up-to-date database of sandflies using complementary information from the speciesLink database and the scientific literature, as well as to elaborate integrated abundance maps. We identified 153,155 records of sandflies captured in Rondônia between 1965-2021; after exclusion, 147,258 reports (speciesLink - 3,408, Rondônia studies - 143,850) associated with 15 genera and 140 species were mapped. The most abundant species observed were Psychodopygusdavisi (Root, 1934) (43,818 records), Nyssomyiawhitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (12,594), Psychodopyguscarrerai (Barretto, 1946) (11,840), Psychodopygushirsutus (Mangabeira, 1942) (9,676), Nyssomyiaantunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (8,847), Trichophoromyiaubiquitalis (Mangabeira, 1942) (5,505), Psychodopygusgeniculatus (Mangabeira, 1941) (4,644), Pintomyianevesi (Damasceno & Arouck, 1956) (4,140), Trichophoromyiaauraensis (Mangabeira, 1942) (3,579), Psychodopyguscomplexus (Mangabeira, 1941) (2,659), Nyssomyiafraihai (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1979) (2,504) and Bichromomyiaflaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) (1,418). A total of 20 records of Leishmania detection corresponded to eight sand fly species. The present dataset provides updated information on the distribution of sandflies of Rondônia, including those considered potential vectors of Leishmania, which should prove useful to guide future studies.New informationThe present study provides an extensive dataset built from all studies reporting phlebotomine sandflies in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. Online distribution maps can aid scientists who wish to consult the updated list of sand fly species and view the distribution of these insects, as well as those considered potential vectors of Leishmania. The results of the present study can serve as the basis for future studies on sandflies conducted in the State.

Dataset Information

Quantitative and Qualitative Costs of Autogeny in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) Sand Flies.

Publications

Quantitative and Qualitative Costs of Autogeny in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) Sand Flies.

Similar Datasets

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