Dataset Information

Comparative assessment of anthropometric and bioimpedence methods for determining adiposity.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for different chronic conditions. Over the years, obesity has become a pandemic and it is therefore important that effective diagnostic tools are developed. Obesity is a measure of adiposity and it has become increasingly evident that anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) used to estimate adiposity are inadequate. This study therefore examined the ability of different anthropometric measurements to diagnose obesity within a cross-section of Ghanaian women.

Methods

We obtained anthropometric measurements and used that to generate derived measures of adiposity such as body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index. Furthermore we also measured adiposity using a bioimpedance analyser. Associations between these measurements and percentage body fat (%BF) were drawn in order to determine the suitability of the various measures to predict obesity. The prevalence of obesity was determined using both %BF and BMI.

Results

BMI, Waist and hip circumference and visceral fat (VF) were positively correlated with % BF whereas skeletal muscle mass was negatively correlated. Prevalence of obesity was 16% and 31.6% using BMI and %BF respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that these differences in prevalence was due to BMI based misclassification of persons who have obesity as overweight. Similar, shortfalls were observed for the other anthropometric measurements using ROC.

Conclusions

No single measure investigated could adequately predict obesity as an accumulation of fat using current established cut-off points within our study population. Large scale epidemiological studies are therefore needed to define appropriate population based cut-off points if anthropometric measurements are to be employed in diagnosing obesity within a particular population.

SUBMITTER: Adedia D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7770549 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Comparative assessment of anthropometric and bioimpedence methods for determining adiposity.

Adedia David D Boakye Adjoa A AA Mensah Daniel D Lokpo Sylvester Y SY Afeke Innocent I Duedu Kwabena O KO

Heliyon 20201222 12

<h4>Background</h4>Obesity is a risk factor for different chronic conditions. Over the years, obesity has become a pandemic and it is therefore important that effective diagnostic tools are developed. Obesity is a measure of adiposity and it has become increasingly evident that anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) used to estimate adiposity are inadequate. This study therefore examined the ability of different anthropometric measurements to diagnose obesity within a cross-sectio ...[more]

PMID: 33385081

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Studying the determinants and the long-term consequences of fetal adipose accretion requires accurate assessment of neonatal body composition. In large epidemiological studies, in-depth body composition measurement methods are usually not feasible for cost and logistical reasons, and there is a need to identify anthropometric measures that adequately reflect neonatal adiposity. METHODS:In a multiethnic Asian mother-offspring cohort in Singapore, anthropometric measures (weight, length, abdominal circumference, skinfold thicknesses) were measured using standardized protocols in newborn infants, and anthropometric indices (weight/length, weight/length2 (body mass index, BMI), weight/length3 (ponderal index, PI)) derived. Neonatal total adiposity was measured using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and abdominal adiposity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Correlations of the anthropometric measures with ADP- and MRI-based adiposity were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (rp), including in subsamples stratified by sex and ethnicity. RESULTS:Study neonates (n=251) had a mean (s.d.) age of 10.2 (2.5) days. Correlations between ADP-based fat mass (ADPFM) and anthropometric measures were moderate (rp range: 0.44-0.67), with the strongest being with weight/length, weight, BMI and sum of skinfolds (rp=0.67, 0.66, 0.62, 0.62, respectively, all P<0.01). All anthropometric measures except skinfold thicknesses correlated more strongly with ADP-based fat-free mass than ADPFM, indicating that skinfold measures may have more discriminative power in terms of neonatal total body adiposity. For MRI-based measures, weight and weight/length consistently showed strong positive correlations (rp?0.7) with abdominal adipose tissue compartments. These correlations were consistent in boys and girls, across different ethnic groups, and when conventional determinants of neonatal adiposity were adjusted for potential confounding. Abdominal circumference was not strongly associated with ADPFM or abdominal fat mass. CONCLUSIONS:Simple anthropometric measures (weight and weight/length) correlated strongly with neonatal adiposity, with some evidence for greater discriminative power for skinfold measures. These simple measures could be of value in large epidemiological studies.

Project description:BackgroundFew reports are available on the contribution of general and abdominal obesity to the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in late adulthood. This study investigated the impact of four simple anthropometric measures of general and abdominal obesity on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis and the extent to which the association between adiposity and the progression of plaque burden is mediated by cardiometabolic markers.MethodsFour thousand three hundred forty-five adults (median age 60) from the population-based Tromsø Study were followed over 7 years from the first carotid ultrasound screening to the next. The progression of carotid atherosclerosis was measured in three ways: incidence of plaques in previously plaque-free participants; change in the number of plaques; and total plaque area (TPA). We used generalised linear models to investigate the association between each adiposity measure - body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) - and each outcome. Models were adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, smoking, education, physical activity). The pathways through which any associations observed might operate were investigated by further adjusting for cardiometabolic mediators (systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and HbA1c).ResultsThere was little evidence that adiposity was related to the formation of new plaques during follow-up. However, abdominal adiposity was associated with TPA progression. WHtR showed the largest effect size (mean change in TPA per one standard deviation (SD) increase in WHtR of 0.665 mm2, 95% confidence interval 0.198, 1.133) while BMI showed the smallest. Effect sizes were substantially reduced after the adjustment for potential mediators.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity indirectly measured with WC seems more strongly associated with the progression of TPA than general obesity. These associations appear to be largely mediated by known cardiometabolic markers.

Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:To examine associations of different anthropometric measurements of central adiposity to visceral adipose tissue (measured via multi-axial magnetic resonance imaging; MRI) and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Additionally, to determine population-specific seated/supine waist and abdominal circumference cutoffs, which may identify men at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS:Twenty-two men with chronic SCI underwent MRI scans, anthropometric measurements along with assessments of various cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. Pearson/part (accounting for age as a covariate) correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the associations between study variables. Abdominal and waist circumference cutoffs were extrapolated using the slope of linear regression equations. RESULTS:Seated/supine abdominal and waist circumferences were (P < 0.01) associated with MRI visceral fat cross-sectional area (VATCSA), VAT volume and CSA:TotalCSA. Low density lipoprotein, non-high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were positively associated with seated/supine abdominal and waist circumferences after controlling for age; r = 0.50-0.61, r = 0.46-0.58, r = 0.52-0.58, P < 0.05, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was associated with seated/supine abdominal and waist circumferences after accounting for age; r = 0.49-0.51 and r = 0.48-0.56, P < 0.05 respectively. The population-specific cutoffs were 86.5cm and 88.3cm for supine waist and abdominal circumferences, respectively, as well as 89cm and 101cm for seated waist and abdominal circumferences, respectively. After dichotomizing VATCSA (< or ? 100cm2), peak oxygen uptake, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and glycated hemoglobin were different (P < 0.05) between groups. After dichotomizing (< or ? 86.5cm) supine waist circumference, VATCSA, triglycerides and insulin sensitivity were different (P < 0.05) between groups. CONCLUSIONS:Seated/supine circumferences are associated with both central adiposity and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in persons with SCI. Population-specific cutoffs are proposed herein to identify central adiposity and potential cardiometabolic disease risk after SCI.

Dataset Information

Comparative assessment of anthropometric and bioimpedence methods for determining adiposity.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Comparative assessment of anthropometric and bioimpedence methods for determining adiposity.

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