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Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of LaF₃:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺/Tm³⁺ Upconversion Nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT: Herein, we successfully synthesized a series of LaF₃:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺/Tm³⁺ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and LaF₃:Yb³⁺_0.20, Er³⁺_0.02@LaF₃:Yb³⁺_0.20 core/shell UCNPs by modifying the amount of NaOH and the reaction time. Hexagonal LaF₃ nanocrystals with uniform particle sizes and bright UC emissions were obtained. The crystal structures of the lanthanide-doped LaF₃ UCNPs were investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The morphologies and particle sizes of the nanocrystals were determined using transmission electron microscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the LaF₃ nanocrystals could be tuned by altering the doping ratio of Er³⁺, Ho³⁺, and Tm³⁺. In addition, the PL intensities increased after coating the UCNP cores with an active shell. The fluorescence intensities of the UCNPs synthesized via a one-hour reaction with the addition of 2.5 or 5 mmol NaOH increased by up to 17 times compared with the sample prepared without the addition of NaOH. By modifying the doping ratio of Yb/Tm, UV-emissive LaF₃ nanocrystals were obtained. After surface modification by ligand exchange, the hydrophobic LaF₃:Yb³⁺_0.20, Er³⁺_0.02@LaF₃:Yb³⁺_0.20 core/shell UCNPs became water-dispersible. These colloid UCNPs could be utilized as a fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg²⁺ ions under 980 nm near-infrared irradiation.

SUBMITTER: Chien HW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7774313 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of LaF3:Yb3+/Er3+/Ho3+/Tm3+ Upconversion Nanoparticles.

Chien Hsiu-Wen HW Huang Chien-Hao CH Yang Chien-Hsin CH Wang Tzong-Liu TL

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 20201210 12

Herein, we successfully synthesized a series of LaF3:Yb3+/Er3+/Ho3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and LaF3:Yb3+0.20, Er3+0.02@LaF3:Yb3+0.20 core/shell UCNPs by modifying the amount of NaOH and the reaction time. Hexagonal LaF3 nanocrystals with uniform particle sizes and bright UC emissions were obtained. The crystal structures of the ...[more]

PMID: 33321848

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Project description:Raman spectra of aqueous Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+-perchlorate solutions were measured over a large wavenumber range from 50-4180 cm-1. In the low wavenumber range (terahertz region), strongly polarized Raman bands were detected at 387 cm-1, 389 cm-1, 391 cm-1, 394 cm-1, and 396 cm-1, respectively, which are fairly broad (full widths at half height at ~52 cm-1). These isotropic Raman bands were assigned to the breathing modes, ν1 Ln-O of the heavy rare earth (HRE) octaaqua ions, [Ln(H2O)8]3+. The strong polarization of these bands (depolarization degree ~0) reveals their totally symmetric character. The vibrational isotope effect was measured in Yb(ClO4)3 solutions in H2O and D2O and the shift of the ν1 mode in changing from H2O to D2O further supports the character of the band. The Ln-O bond distances of these HRE ions (Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+) follow the order of Ho-O > Er-O > Tm-O > Yb-O > Lu-O which correlates inversely with the band positions of the breathing modes of their corresponding octaaqua ions [Ln(OH2)8]3+. Furthermore, the force constants, kLn-O, were calculated for these symmetric stretching modes. Ytterbium perchlorate solutions were measured over a broad concentration range, from 0.240 mol·L-1 to 2.423 mol·L-1, and it was shown that with increasing solute concentration outer-sphere ion pairs and contact ion pairs were formed. At the dilute solution state (~0.3 mol·L-1), the fully hydrated ions [Yb(H2O)8]3+ exist, while at higher concentrations (CT > 2 mol·L-1), ion pairs are formed. The concentration behavior of Yb(ClO4)3 (aq) shows similar behavior to the one observed for La(ClO4)3(aq), Ce(ClO4)3(aq) and Lu(ClO4)3(aq) solutions. In ytterbium chloride solutions in water and heavy water, representative for the behavior of the other HRE ions, 1:1 chloro-complex formation was detected over the concentration range from 0.422-3.224 mol·L-1. The 1:1 chloro-complex in YbCl3(aq) is very weak, diminishing rapidly with dilution and vanishing at a concentration < 0.4 mol·L-1.

Dataset Information

Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of LaF₃:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺/Tm³⁺ Upconversion Nanoparticles.

Publications

Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of LaF<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup>/Tm<sup>3+</sup> Upconversion Nanoparticles.

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