Building Hopefulness Through Financial Education and Coaching.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: White N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7781061 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Economic stability is a well-documented social determinant of health, and financial stress is an important driver for the health disparities observed in the poor. Persons under financial stress are more likely to engage in smoking, alcohol consumption, overspending, poor diet, and reduced exercise. Financial education and coaching is one strategy that can be used to reduce financial stress and potentially improve engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors, quality of life, and objective health outcomes. A conceptual model describing the link between financial education/coaching and health is described along with preliminary data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating this intervention.
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Project description:Assistants serve an essential role in special education to support children with disabilities, but they should be properly trained and supervised. The coaching approach represents one trend that has been gradually implemented in occupational therapy (OT) and rehabilitation services. Still, few studies clearly define the coaching intervention, measure the fidelity of coaching practices, or evaluate capacity building of the caregivers in the long term. This quasi-experimental study compared one-on-one coaching in natural environments following a workshop with a training workshop. Both public schools do not have regular OT services. The primary outcome was the assistant's performance, measured with the Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). The secondary outcome was the fidelity of coaching implementation, measured with the Coaching Practices Rating Scale (CPRS). The GAS showed an increased performance of the assistants after the intervention, with significant differences between groups post-intervention (p = 0.015) and large effect size (r = 0.55), but no long-term significant improvements were found at the follow-up (p = 0.072). The CPRS showed an adequate implementation of the five coaching components (joint planning, observation, action, reflection, and feedback), with a total score of 3.5 ± 0.72 (mean ± SD). The results suggest that coaching sessions provided by OTs in schools may improve assistants' skills to facilitate the student's participation.
| S-EPMC8296150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Toxicology and careers in toxicology, as well as many other scientific disciplines, are undergoing rapid and dramatic changes as new discoveries, technologies, and hazards advance at a blinding rate. There are new and ever increasing demands on toxicologists to keep pace with expanding global economies, highly fluid policy debates, and increasingly complex global threats to public health. These demands must be met with new paradigms for multidisciplinary, technologically complex, and collaborative approaches that require advanced and continuing education in toxicology and associated disciplines. This requires paradigm shifts in educational programs that support recruitment, development, and training of the modern toxicologist, as well as continued education and retraining of the midcareer professional to keep pace and sustain careers in industry, government, and academia. The Society of Toxicology convened the Toxicology Educational Summit to discuss the state of toxicology education and to strategically address educational needs and the sustained advancement of toxicology as a profession. The Summit focused on core issues of: building for the future of toxicology through educational programs; defining education and training needs; developing the "Total Toxicologist"; continued training and retraining toxicologists to sustain their careers; and, finally, supporting toxicology education and professional development. This report summarizes the outcomes of the Summit, presents examples of successful programs that advance toxicology education, and concludes with strategies that will insure the future of toxicology through advanced educational initiatives.
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Project description:In this study, we examine the relationship between financial literacy, financial education, and smoking behavior among the Japanese population. We hypothesize that financially literate and financially educated people, who have the ability to make more rational decisions, are less likely to smoke. Using the Preference Parameters Study of Osaka University, conducted in 2010 (N = 3,706), the probit regression results show that both financial literacy (with an emphasis on knowledge of investments) and financial education (with an emphasis on savings behavior) have a significant negative impact on smoking behavior. In addition, gender, age, education, marital status, household income and assets, risky behaviors, a myopic view of the future, risk preference, and level of happiness also significantly predict the likelihood of a person being a current smoker. This study provides empirical evidence that enhancing the rational decision-making ability of individuals through financial literacy and financial education may curtail smoking behavior.
| S-EPMC7844398 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nutrition medical education training programs that are focused on home cooking are emerging.This short communication describes the first synchronous tele-nutrition medical education training program using a novel Culinary Coaching (CC) model.Seven health coaches were trained and each coach delivered CC programs to four patients (28 total). Evaluations included:1) two questionnaires before, immediately after, and six months post training program; and 2) one questionnaire after each patient program.CC training significantly improved coaches' attitudes about and confidence to deliver CC from pre-program means of 3.61 and 3.65 (out of 5), respectively, to post-program means, 3.77 (p<0.01) and 3.86 (p<0.05), respectively, and remained higher 6 months after the training program (3.93, p<0.01; 3.93, p<0.05). Health coaches described a high usage of CC principles and tools through the patient programs.This early evidence suggests that the CC model can be successfully expanded to health coaches, thus improving nutritional care.
| S-EPMC6127849 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionGiven the burden of diabetes in ethnic minorities and emerging data on the efficacy of financial incentives in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is critical to examine the efficacy of financial incentives across and within racial/ethnic groups.Methods and analysisThis trial is an ongoing 5-year, randomised clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of a Financial Incentives And Nurse Coaching to Enhance Diabetes Outcomes (FINANCE-DM) intervention composed of (1) nurse education, (2) home telemonitoring and (3) structured financial incentives; compared with an active control group (nurse education and home telemonitoring alone). The study also will evaluate whether intervention effects are sustained 6 months after the financial incentives are withdrawn (ie, 18 months post-randomisation) and whether the intervention is differentially efficacious across racial/ethnic groups. Participants will include 450 adults with a clinical diagnosis of T2DM and HbA1c of 8% or higher who self-identify as White, African American or Hispanic. Participants will be randomised to one of two groups: the FINANCE intervention or Active Control. The location and setting of this study include primary care clinics at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) in Milwaukee, WI and community partner sites affiliated with the Center for Advancing Population Science at MCW.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by IRB at MCW under PRO00033788.Trial registration numberRegistration for this trial on the United States National Institute of Health Clinical Trials Registry can be found under ID: NCT04203173 and online (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04203173?id=NCT04203173&draw=2&rank=1).
| S-EPMC7757449 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Delay discounting, as a behavioral measure of impulsive choice, is strongly related to substance abuse and other risky behaviors. Therefore, effective techniques that alter delay discounting are of great interest. We explored the ability of a semester long financial education course to change delay discounting. Participants were recruited from a financial education course (n = 237) and an abnormal psychology course (n = 80). Both groups completed a delay-discounting task for $100 during the first two weeks (Time 1) of the semester as well as during the last two weeks (Time 2) of the semester. Participants also completed a personality inventory and financial risk tolerance scale both times and a delay-discounting task for $1,000 during Time 2. Delay discounting decreased in the financial education group at the end of the semester whereas there was no change in delay discounting in the abnormal psychology group. Financial education may be an effective method for reducing delay discounting.
| S-EPMC4956221 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intelligent systems have been developed for years to solve specific tasks automatically. An important issue emerges when the information used by these systems exhibits a dynamic nature and evolves. This fact adds a level of complexity that makes these systems prone to a noticeable worsening of their performance. Thus, their capabilities have to be upgraded to address these new requirements. Furthermore, this problem is even more challenging when the information comes from human individuals and their interactions through language. This issue happens more easily and forcefully in the specific domain of Sentiment Analysis, where feelings and opinions of humans are in constant evolution. In this context, systems are trained with an enormous corpus of textual content, or they include an extensive set of words and their related sentiment values. These solutions are usually static and generic, making their manual upgrading almost unworkable. In this paper, an automatic and interactive coaching architecture is proposed. It includes a ML framework and a dictionary-based system both trained for a specific domain. These systems converse about the outcomes obtained during their respective learning stages by simulating human interactive coaching sessions. This leads to an Active Learning process where the dictionary-based system acquires new information and improves its performance. More than 800, 000 tweets have been gathered and processed for experiments. Outstanding results were obtained when the proposed architecture was used. Also, the lexicon was updated with the prior and new words related to the corpus used which is important to reach a better sentiment analysis classification.
| S-EPMC9043891 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Telephonic Health Coaching and Financial Incentives (THC + FI) to promote physical activity in total knee replacement recipients. DESIGN:We used the Osteoarthritis Policy Model, a computer simulation of knee osteoarthritis, to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of THC + FI compared to usual care. We derived transition probabilities, utilities, and costs from trial data. We conducted lifetime analyses from the healthcare perspective and discounted all cost-effectiveness outcomes by 3% annually. The primary outcome was the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), defined as the ratio of the differences in costs and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) between strategies. We considered ICERs <$100,000/QALY to be cost-effective. We conducted one-way sensitivity analyses that varied parameters across their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and limited the efficacy of THC + FI to 1 year or to 9 months. We also conducted a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), simultaneously varying cost, utilities, and transition probabilities. RESULTS:THC + FI had an ICER of $57,200/QALY in the base case and an ICER below $100,000/QALY in most deterministic sensitivity analyses. THC + FI cost-effectiveness depended on assumptions about long-term efficacy; when efficacy was limited to 1 year or to 9 months, the ICER was $93,300/QALY or $121,800/QALY, respectively. In the PSA, THC + FI had an ICER below $100,000/QALY in 70% of iterations. CONCLUSIONS:Based on currently available information, THC + FI might be a cost-effective alternative to usual care. However, the uncertainty surrounding this choice is considerable, and further research to reduce this uncertainty may be economically justified.
| S-EPMC6202236 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Systematic reviews reporting self-management interventions are associated with significant improvements in stroke survivors' self-efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and independence. However, common barriers such as transportation and availability of carers were identified. Health coaching is suggested as an innovative and cost-effective care model with potential benefits in managing chronic diseases. A randomised controlled trial is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of an enhanced self-management programme by health coaches on stroke survivors' recovery outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:All adult community-dwelling stroke survivors with a modified Rankin Scale Score ?3?will be recruited from a community rehabilitation network. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive either the enhanced stroke self-management programme (Coaching Ongoing Momentum Building On stroKe rEcovery journeY [COMBO-KEY]) plus usual care or usual care only. COMBO-KEY is an 8-week programme underpinned by Bandura's principles of self-efficacy and outcome expectation. It consists of four home visits and five phone-coaching sessions delivered by trained health coaches. Each participant will receive a resource package containing a workbook, a quick reference guide, a planning toolkit and 15 videos of peer survivors' stroke survival experience. Survivors' outcomes include self-efficacy, outcome expectation and satisfaction with performance of self-management behaviours, HRQoL, depressive symptoms and community reintegration. Assessment will be conducted at baseline and immediately after completing the programme. Generalised estimating equations' model will be used to analyse the data. DISCUSSION:It is anticipated that the programme will build community capacity in supporting stroke survivors. The results will shed light on integrating the programme into the current stroke rehabilitation services. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:The Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee has approved this protocol (CREC Ref. No.: 2018.009). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at local and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03741842; Pre-results.
| S-EPMC6502055 | biostudies-literature