The complete mitochondrial genome of Monochamus alternatus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Liao Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782054 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Abstract Ambient temperature is an important factor limiting the abundance and distribution of insects, and heat shock protein (Hsp) gene expression is sensitive to extremes of cold and heat. In order to explore the role of Hsps during thermal stress and development in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), we cloned and characterized full-length Hsp genes, including MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90. M. alternatus were exposed to different temperatures (?15, ?5, 5, 15, 25, 35, and 40?) for 1 h and was allowed to recover at 25? for 1 h. Following the treatments, we investigated the expression of the Hsps by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In third instar larvae, MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90 expression was upregulated in response to cold and heat, but the three Hsps were especially sensitive to heat, specifically at 35? and 40?. After heating M. alternatus to 35?, the expression of MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90 was higher than at 5? and 25? in nearly all developmental stages. MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90 expression was highest in later pupal, early adult, and early adult stages, respectively. These results suggest that compared with normal ambient temperatures, thermal stress could induce high expression of the three Hsps.
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Project description:Abstract We investigated the influence of larval instar on the structure of the gut bacterial community in the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Hope; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The diversity of the gut bacterial community in early, phloem-feeding larvae is significantly higher than in later, wood-feeding larvae. Many of these associates were assigned into a few taxonomic groups, of which Enterobacteriaceae was the most abundant order. The predominant bacterial genus varied during the five instars of larval development. Erwinia was the most abundant genus in the first and fifth instars, Enterobacter was predominant in the third and fourth instars, and the predominant genus in the second instars was in the Enterobacteriaceae (genus unclassified). Actinobacteria were reported in association with M. alternatus for the first time in this study. Cellulomonadaceae (Actinobacteria) was the second most abundant family in the first instar larvae (10.6%). These data contribute to our understanding of the relationships among gut bacteria and M. alternatus, and could aid the development of new pest control strategies.
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Project description:Monochamus alternatus Hope is the main vector in China of the Pine Wilt Disease caused by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Although chemical control is traditionally used to prevent pine wilt disease, new strategies based in biological control are promising ways for the management of the disease. However, there is no deep sequence analysis of Monochamus alternatus Hope that describes the transcriptome and no information is available about gene function of this insect vector. We used next generation sequencing technology to sequence the whole fourth instar larva transcriptome of Monochamus alternatus Hope and successfully built a Monochamus alternatus Hope transcriptome database. In total, 105,612 unigenes were assigned for Gene Ontology (GO) terms, information for 16,730 classified unigenes was obtained in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, and 13,024 unigenes matched with 224 predicted pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). In addition, genes related to putative insecticide resistance-related genes, RNAi, the Bt receptor, intestinal digestive enzymes, possible future insect control targets and immune-related molecules are described. This study provides valuable basic information that can be used as a gateway to develop new molecular tools for Monochamus alternatus Hope control strategies.
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Project description:Monochamus alternatus is an important insect pest in pine forests of southern China and the dispersing vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which leads to pine wilt disease (PWD). Microbiome of M. alternatus may contribute to survival of larvae in the host pine trees. In order to investigate the intestinal bacterial structure of M. alternatus during the larvae and pupae stages in host trees, and infer the function of symbiotic bacteria, we used 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing to obtain and compare the bacterial community composition in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut of larvae, pupal intestines, larval galleries, and pupal chambers of M. alternatus. The diversity of the bacterial community in larval intestines and pupal intestines were similar, as well as was significantly greater in larval galleries and pupal chambers. Although there were differences in bacterial compositions in different samples, similar components were also found. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the two most dominant phyla in all samples, and genera Enterobacter, Raoultella, Serratia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were dominant in both the intestinal samples and plant tissue samples. Enterobacter was the most abundant genus in larval intestines, and Serratia was dominant in pupal intestine. The functions of these dominant and specific bacteria were also predicted through metagenomic analyses. These bacteria may help M. alternatus degrade cellulose and pinene. The specific role of symbiotic bacteria in the infection cycle of PWD also warrants further study in the future.
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