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Complete mitochondrial genome of Glomeridesmus spelaeus (Diplopoda, Glomeridesmida), a troglobitic species from iron-ore caves in Eastern Amazon.

ABSTRACT: We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Glomeridesmus spelaeus, the first sequenced genome of the order Gomeridesmida. The genome is 14,825 pb in length and encodes 37 mitochondrial (13 PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA) genes and contains a typical AT-rich region. The base composition of the mitogenome was A (40.1%), T (36.4%), C (15.8%), and G (7.6%), with an GC content of 23.5%. Our results indicated that G. spelaeus is only distantly related to the other Diplopoda species with available mitochondrial genomes in the public databases. As the broadest genetic characterization of a Glomeridesmida species available to date, the mitogenome of G. spelaeus will help understanding the evolution of such a little-known millipede group. Also, our data will be important for the characterization and conservation of the diverse invertebrate troglofauna of the Amazonian caves.

SUBMITTER: Nunes GL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782276 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The Amazon is renowned worldwide for its biological significance, but it also harbors substantial mineral reserves. Among these, the ferruginous geosystems of the region are critical for iron ore extraction, accounting for 10% of Brazil's export revenue. Additionally, this region holds a significant speleological heritage with more than 1,000 caves. However, cave conservation efforts are often in conflict with land use, necessitating mediation through environmental regulations. While conservation decisions typically consider only the caves' characteristics, such an approach fails to account for the interactions among cave communities and their surrounding landscape. This poses a challenge to reserve design for cave conservation purposes. To address this issue, we assessed the predictors that influence the similarity among cave communities, suggesting the use of this parameter as a proxy for subterranean connectivity. Applying graph theory, we proposed a tool to aid in the selection of priority caves for conservation purposes. Our study involved the sampling of invertebrates in 69 iron ore caves and analyzing 28 environmental variables related to these subterranean habitats and adjacent landscape. Our analysis revealed that landscape and habitat characteristics are more important than geographical distance in determining patterns of similarity among caves. Our graph approach highlighted densely interconnected clusters based on similarity. However, specific caves stood out for harboring exclusive fauna and/or exhibiting habitat specificity, making them unique in the study area. Thus, we recommend prioritizing cave clusters for conservation, assembling both singular caves and others that influence them. It is crucial to note that protocols for the protection of subterranean biodiversity must consider measures that encompass both the caves and the surrounding landscape. Our methodology provides insights into the connectivity among caves, identifies existing groups, highlights singular (or unique) cavities that require preservation, and recognizes those influencing these unique habitats. This methodological advancement is crucial for the development of better conservation policies for the speleological heritage in areas under constant economic pressure.

Project description:The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the diversity of rhizobial and endophytic bacterial strains from undisturbed native rainforests within an iron ore mining site of the Serra Norte de Carajás in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon region to assess their biotechnological utility in reclamation of areas. Experiments were conducted to capture strains from samples of the soil of these forests at the sites Arenito II, Noroeste II, and Sul IV using Macroptilium atropurpureum and Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea as trap host plants. Only M. atropurpureum nodulated, and the different bacterial strains were isolated from its nodules. There was no difference in the number of nodules among the areas, but the Arenito II bacterial community was the most efficient, indicated by the aboveground biomass production and suitable shoot mass/root mass ratio. Fifty-two (52) bacterial isolates were obtained, distributed in five groups, including nodulating and endophytic bacteria: 32 from Arenito II, 12 from Noroeste II, and 8 from Sul IV. The nodulating Bradyrhizobium genus was common to the three areas, whereas Paraburkholderia was found only in Arenito II. The nodD1 gene was amplified in all the strains of both nodulating genera. Strains of the nodulating genus Methylobacterium were also isolated from the three areas; however, they did not nodulate the host of origin, and their nodD1 gene was not amplified. Endophytic strains were also isolated from the genera Paenibacillus, Pantoea, and Leifsonia in Arenito II, Leifsonia in Noroeste I, and Paenibacillus in Sul IV. The greater nodulation and rhizobial and endophytic bacterial diversity observed in Arenito II were probably due to the more suitable edaphic properties of the area. The isolated strains were incorporated in the collection of the Department of Soil Science of UFLA and will be investigated in relation to their symbiotic characteristics with native host plants, as well as their ability to perform other biological processes.

Dataset Information

Complete mitochondrial genome of Glomeridesmus spelaeus (Diplopoda, Glomeridesmida), a troglobitic species from iron-ore caves in Eastern Amazon.

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