Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Morchella eohespera.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sa W
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782286 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Morchella crassipes (Vent.) Pers., a typical yellow morel species with high economic value, is mainly distributed in the low altitude plains of Eurasia. However, rare research has been performed on its genomics and polarity, thus limiting its research and development. Here, we reported a fine physical map of the nuclear genome at the subchromosomal-scale and the complete mitochondrial genome of M. crassipes. The complete size of the nuclear genome was 56.7 Mb, and 23 scaffolds were assembled, with eight of them being complete chromosomes. A total of 11,565 encoding proteins were predicted. The divergence time analysis showed that M. crassipes representing yellow morels differentiated with black morels at ~33.98 Mya (million years), with 150 gene families contracted and expanded in M. crassipes versus the two black morels (M. snyderi and M. importuna). Furthermore, 409 CAZYme genes were annotated in M. crassipes, containing almost all plant cell wall degrading enzymes compared with the mycorrhizal fungi (truffles). Genomic annotation of mating type loci and amplification of the mating genes in the monospore population was conducted, the results indicated that M. crassipes is a heterothallic fungus. Additionally, a complete circular mitochondrial genome of M. crassipes was assembled, the size reached as large as 531,195 bp. It can be observed that the strikingly large size was the biggest up till now, coupled with 14 core conserved mitochondrial protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 31 tRNAs, 51 introns, and 412 ncORFs. The total length of intron sequences accounted for 53.67% of the mitochondrial genome, with 19 introns having a length over 5 kb. Particularly, 221 of 412 ncORFs were distributed within 51 introns, and the total length of the ncORFs sequence accounted for 40.83% of the mitochondrial genome, and 297 ncORFs had expression activity in the mycelium stage, suggesting their potential functions in M. crassipes. Meanwhile, there was a high degree of repetition (51.31%) in the mitochondria of M. crassipes. Thus, the large number of introns, ncORFs and internal repeat sequences may contribute jointly to the largest fungal mitochondrial genome to date. The fine physical maps of nuclear genome and mitochondrial genome obtained in this study will open a new door for better understanding of the mysterious species of M. crassipes.
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Project description:Morchella conica Pers. is a highly-prized mushroom for its edible and medical values. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of M. conica combining both PacBio and Illumina sequencing technologies. The complete mitochondrial genome is 280,763 bp in length with a GC content of 39.88%. We identified a total of 14 core conserved protein-coding genes, 127 non-conserved open reading frames (ncORFs) and 30 tRNA genes in the M. conica mitogenome. However, no large or small rRNA subunits (rnl or rns) were identified in this mitogenome. In addition, we detected two mitochondrial RNase P (rnpB) genes and one ribosomal protein genes (rps3). Phylogenetic analysis was performed among M. conica and 18 other representative fungi from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. Our results showed that M. conica was most closely related to M. importuna. The availability of the M. conica mitochondrial genome will form the basis of genetic breeding program and enhance our understanding of the evolution of this species.
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