The complete chloroplast genome of desert spiny semi-shrub Alhagi sparsifolia (Fabaceae) from Central Asia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang AH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782650 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Drought is among the most destructive abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and yield worldwide. Although most research has focused on the contribution of plant-associated microbial communities to plant growth and disease suppression, far less is known about the microbes involved in drought resistance among desert plants. In the present study, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine the structure of rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of Alhagi sparsifolia Compared to those of the rhizosphere, endosphere microbiomes had lower diversity but contained several taxa with higher relative abundance; many of these taxa were also present in the roots of other desert plants. We isolated a Pseudomonas strain (LTGT-11-2Z) that was prevalent in root endosphere microbiomes of A. sparsifolia and promoted drought resistance during incubation with wheat. Complete genome sequencing of LTGT-11-2Z revealed 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminases, siderophore, spermidine, and colanic acid biosynthetic genes, as well as type VI secretion system (T6SS) genes, which are likely involved in biofilm formation and plant-microbe interactions. Together, these results indicate that drought-enduring plants harbor bacterial endophytes favorable to plant drought resistance, and they suggest that novel endophytic bacterial taxa and gene resources may be discovered among these desert plants.IMPORTANCE Understanding microbe-mediated plant resistance to drought is important for sustainable agriculture. We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and culture-dependent functional analyses of Alhagi sparsifolia rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes and identified key endophytic bacterial taxa and their genes facilitating drought resistance in wheat. This study improves our understanding of plant drought resistance and provides new avenues for drought resistance improvement in crop plants under field conditions.
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Project description:Environmental properties are important factors in structuring soil microbial communities. The primary driving factors vary in different ecosystems. In the present work, we analyzed the microbial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils associated with the halophyte Alhagi sparsifolia across three salt/water gradients in the desert area around Ebinur Lake Basin, China, using high-throughput sequencing technology. We found that there were significant differences in soil water content (SWC), soil salinity (SAL), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents between the three water/salt gradients. In the L (low water and salt) plot, Actinobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum while Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was negatively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), TP, and available phosphorus (AP). The abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly positively correlated with soil SOC, SWC, SAL, pH, TN, and TP (P < 0.05). The abundance of fungal phylum Chytridiomycota was significantly positively correlated with pH (P < 0.01), SWC, AP, and sulfate ion (P < 0.05). SOC and nitrate nitrogen were the main factors impacting the bacterial community, while ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) and TP were the main driving forces for the fungal community. Soil nutrients were the main contributors to the dissimilarities in the bacterial and fungal communities, explaining 48.06% and 44.45% of the variation. SWC, SAL, and pH explained only a small percentage of the microbial community dissimilarity. In conclusion, soil microbial community structure was affected by SWC, SAL, pH, and soil nutrients, with soil nutrients as the main driving factors. Nitrogen has a differential effect on the different microbial communities: bacterial communities of Alhagi sparsifolia were mainly affected by nitrate nitrogen, while fungal communities were mainly driven by ammonium nitrogen.
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Project description:We report the recovery of a 7068-nt viral sequence from the "viral fossils" embedded in the genome of Alhagi sparsifolia, a typical desert plant. Although the full viral genome remains to be completed, the putative genome structure, the deduced amino acids and phylogenetic analysis unambiguously demonstrate that this viral sequence represents a novel species of the genus Badnavirus. The putative virus is tentatively termed Alhagi bacilliform virus (ABV). Southern blotting and inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data indicate that the ABV-related sequence is integrated into the A. sparsifolia genome, and probably does not give rise to functional episomal virus. Molecular evidence that the ABV sequence exists widely in A. sparsifolia is also presented. To our knowledge, this is the first endogenous badnavirus identified from plants in the Gobi desert, and may provide new clues on the evolution, geographical distribution as well as the host range of the badnaviruses.
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Project description:Precipitation variability and nitrogen (N) deposition caused by anthropogenic activities could profoundly impact ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. In desert ecosystems, vegetation is sensitive to changes in precipitation and N deposition. However, the impacts of large changes in precipitation, especially with a concurrent increase in N content, on plant community remain unclear. In this study, we carried out experiments to monitor the impacts of five precipitation levels and two N levels on the plant community function and composition from the Junggar desert in Central Asia during the period 2018–2019. Our results showed that: (1) Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) significantly increased with increasing precipitation, it followed a positive linear model under normal precipitation range, and nonlinear mode under extreme precipitation events; (2) N application led to an increase in ANPP, but did not significantly improve the sensitivity of ANPP to precipitation change; (3) Changes in N content and precipitation, and their impacts on ANPP were mainly driven by plant density. These results provide a theoretical basis for predict the future dynamics of terrestrial vegetation more accurately under climate change and increasing nitrogen deposition.
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Project description:BackgroundAlhagi sparsifolia is a typical desert phreatophyte and has evolved to withstand extreme dry, cold and hot weather. While A. sparsifolia represents an ideal model to study the molecular mechanism of plant adaption to abiotic stress, no research has been done in this aspect to date. Here we took advantage of Illumina platform to survey transcriptome in primary roots of A. sparsifolia under water stress conditions in aim to facilitate the exploration of its genetic basis for drought tolerance.Methodology and principal findingsWe sequenced four primary roots samples individually collected at 0, 6, 24 and 30h from the A. sparsifolia seedlings in the course of 24h of water stress following 6h of rehydration. The resulting 38,763,230, 67,511,150, 49,259,804 and 54,744,906 clean reads were pooled and assembled into 33,255 unigenes with an average length of 1,057 bp. All-unigenes were subjected to functional annotation by searching against the public databases. Based on the established transcriptome database, we further evaluated the gene expression profiles in the four different primary roots samples, and identified numbers of differently expressed genes (DEGs) reflecting the early response to water stress (6h vs. 0h), the late response to water stress (24h vs. 0h) and the response to post water stress rehydration (30h vs. 24h). Moreover, the DEGs specifically regulated at 6, 24 and 30h were captured in order to depict the dynamic changes of gene expression during water stress and subsequent rehydration. Functional categorization of the DEGs indicated the activation of oxidoreductase system, and particularly emphasized the significance of the 'Glutathione metabolism pathway' in response to water stress.ConclusionsThis is the first description of the genetic makeup of A. sparsifolia, thus providing a substantial contribution to the sequence resources for this species. The identified DEGs offer a deep insight into the molecular mechanism of A. sparsifolia in response to water stress, and merit further investigation.
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Project description:The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It is unclear how Cenozoic climatic, geological, and biological forces, acting at diverse spatial and temporal scales, shaped Central Asian ecosystems through time. Our synthesis shows that the Central Asian steppe-desert has existed since at least Eocene times but experienced no less than two regime shifts, one at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and one in the mid-Miocene. These shifts separated three successive "stable states," each characterized by unique floral and faunal structures. Past responses to disturbance in the Asian steppe-desert imply that modern ecosystems are unlikely to recover their present structures and diversity if forced into a new regime. This is of concern for Asian steppes today, which are being modified for human use and lost to desertification at unprecedented rates.
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Project description:Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Kokyantak) is a ethnic medicine used in the Uyghur traditional medicine system for the treatment of colds, rheumatic pains, diarrhea, stomach pains, headaches, and toothaches, in addition to being an important local source of nectar and high-quality forage grass, and playing a crucial role in improving the ecological environment. Currently, approximately 178 chemical constituents have been identified from A. sparsifolia, including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and 19 polysaccharides. Pharmacological studies have already confirmed that A. sparsifolia has antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-neuroinflammatory effects, hepatoprotective effects, renoprotective effects and immune regulation. Toxicological tests and quality control studies reveal the safety and nontoxicity of A. sparsifolia. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and toxicology of A. sparsifolia, in order to provide a beneficial reference of its further research.
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Project description:Salix psammophila C. Wang & Chang Y. Yang is a desert plant species distributed in Northwest China. Here, we report the complete choroplast genome sequences in order to enrich its genetic resource. The total genome is 155,278?bp in length and contains a typical quadripartite structure, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 84,457?bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 15,891?bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 27,465?bp. There were 130 genes in the genome, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. The overall CG content in the plastome of S. psammophila is 36.72%. The phylogenetic tree based on 18 complete plastomes of Salicaceae support close relationships among S. psammophila, Salix taoensis, and Salix rehderiana.
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